In your notebook, write and answer the following question: Warm-Up April 1, 2016 In your notebook, write and answer the following question: How is cultural diffusion evident in your town? (Think restaurants, stores, etc…) Sentence Stem: Cultural diffusion is evident in my town…

Learning Objective: We will explain how the diversity of Texas is reflected in a variety of cultural activities, celebrations, and performances. Language Objective: We will discuss contributions to the arts by Texans such as Roy Bedichek, Diane Gonzales Bertrand, J. Frank Dobie, Scott Joplin, Elisabet Ney and how they impacted Texas Culture. Success Criteria: I will categorize people from various racial, ethnic, and religious groups attempt to maintain their cultural heritage while adapting to the larger Texas culture

German Arrival In Texas Most Germans arrived in Texas in the 1850’s Provided leadership to oppose nativism (policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants) Were Unionists who opposed slavery, even arguing for immediate emancipation Leaders in the Union army during the Civil War Established towns of New Braunfels, Weimar, Fredricksburg, and many others Lived in obscurity working as teachers, farmers, ranchers, and politicians Vereins-Kirche, the first public building in Fredricksburg, followed an ancient German style known as the "Carolingian octagon”

Polish Immigrants Invade Texas The greatest wave of Polish immigrants began in 1854 and lasted until the outbreak of World War I in 1914 Came for economic opportunity Most Polish immigrants settled in South and Central Texas, following the Civil War, some moved to East Texas Established towns of Panna Maria, Brenham, Bryan, Chappell Hill, and more The earliest colony was founded in New Waverly (1867) Most worked as tenant farmers, laborers, and artisans Often times remained isolated because of the difficulty in overcoming the language barrier First Polish Catholic Church (1855) and the first Polish school, St. Joseph’s was established in 1866

Jewish Immigrants in Texas Jewish immigration began invading Texas in the 1830’s and the immigration lasted until the end of World War II Settled along the Brazos River, as well as Galveston, Bolivar, and San Antonio Settlement pattern was repeated numerous times: first, the formation of a cemetery-benevolent society, followed by a synagogue, whether it was formal or informal  Many new immigrants came through the port of Galveston. From 1907 to 1914, the Galveston Movement, locally spearheaded by Rabbi Henry Cohen, settled some 10,000 Jewish immigrants. Often worked as backpack peddlers Olga B. Kohlberg started the first public kindergarten in 1893

People of Texas Roy Bedichek- lifelong outdoorsman, wrote “Adventures with a Texas Naturalist,” published in 1947. Bedichek is fondly remembered as a conversationalist, folklorist, and storyteller who related all experience to the natural world. Diane Gonzales Bertrand- Mexican-American author of children’s and young adult books focusing on Mexican American characters J. Frank Dobie- Texas writer who wrote about Black, Anglo, and Hispanic cowboys, as well as Indian, Spanish, African American, and Mexican heritage. His writings developed an appreciation of the legends, the myths, and the cultures of Texas. Organized the Texas Institute of Letters to promote and encourage Texas writers Scott Joplin- black Texan who established ragtime, one of the most popular forms of music during the turn of the 20th century Elisabet Ney- early female artist sculpted the “great men” of frontier Texas, among them life-size figures of Stephen F. Austin and Sam Houston

People of Texas Amado Pena Jr.- Laredo native, Peña is an artist that uses bold colors and composition to pay tribute to Native Americans who survive by living in harmony with an adversarial, untamed environment Walter Prescott Webb- as University of Texas history professor, Webb was a well-respected historian who wrote books such as The Texas Rangers and the award-winning The Great Plains Horton Foote- an American playwright and screenwriter. He was best known for his Academy Award-winning screenplays such as the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird, and the 1983 film Tender Mercies

Continuation of Assignment Continue the poster from yesterday. Look to add more cities, traditions, foods, etc.  1. A map of Texas showing large cities, major rivers, and towns named after at least 5 major immigrant groups (Spanish, French, German, Vietnamese, etc.)   2. At least three (3) holiday traditions or unique celebrations.  3. At least three (3) unique food items deemed typical to Texas.  4. At least three (3) architectural styles found in Texas buildings or building materials unique to Texas.