General Biology I Lab BSC 2010L Exercise 3 – Cellular Structure General Biology I Lab BSC 2010L

Practice at Home Paper in landscape format kilo hecto deka (base) deci centi milli micro nano k- h- da- (m,l,g) d- c- m- µ- n-

Exam Details 50 questions 25 stations 2 questions per station 1 ½ minutes at each station; NO revisits! All questions are either one term or a short answer

Exam Details Be on time - door stays closed after lecture start time No Cell – Phones No Food or Beverages No paper – Bring several pencils or pens. Bring simple calculator (optional) Name AND Student ID# on Paper Visits per station: Once

Exam Details Missed exam = is dropped exam grade Missed Final = ‘I’ for incomplete Lab attire Once you leave the lab – no reentry.

Prepare for Exercise 4 Cellular Function Read Lab Manual Exercise 4

What we can see with a microscope This is a view while looking through the eyepiece. The pointer is placed as a reference for other viewers to see what you are interested in. © Kornelia Fillmer, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://photos.google.com/share/AF1QipPY_cVr6o4vPpCG0uiMRUUST5_-fXsFoLPZmbgeMiKTj-rP7MJsvmQ_TIqivULngQ/photo/AF1QipObDwu2PnXqn5CpTHjM9JnztbcjwvzceLXG2Kp0?key=cmZPaGg5R3NEYTRwV2Yyb0F4Qm1GbEtvc0ZuWG1n

Previous Exercise Elodea leaf Plant Cell Cell Wall By Cimice50 (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], via Wikimedia Commons https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Cloroplasti_Elodea.jpg

Today’s Exercise Cell Wall Nucleus (plural: Nuclei) By kaibara87 [CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Onion_Cells.jpg Nucleus (plural: Nuclei) Onion cells - Plant Cell

Today’s Exercise Nucleus (plural: Nuclei) By Mulletsrokk - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10270500 Your own cheek cells: epithelial cells

Cells Cells are the basic unit of life Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells and Cells come only from other cells

Protists, fungi, plants, animals Bacteria Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic cell Protists, fungi, plants, animals Bacteria By Science Primer (National Center for Biotechnology Information). Vectorized by Mortadelo2005. - SVG version of Image:Celltypes.png., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2145991

Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Smaller Larger Unbound Nucleus Flagella Plasma Membrane Chromosomes Cytoplasm Ribosomes Membrane bound Nucleus NO Nucleolus Have Nucleolus NO Membrane bound Organelles Have Membrane bound Organelles NO Cytoskeleton Have Cytoskeleton

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Anabaena vs plant cell © Kornelia Fillmer, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://photos.google.com/share/AF1QipPY_cVr6o4vPpCG0uiMRUUST5_-fXsFoLPZmbgeMiKTj-rP7MJsvmQ_TIqivULngQ/photo/AF1QipObDwu2PnXqn5CpTHjM9JnztbcjwvzceLXG2Kp0?key=cmZPaGg5R3NEYTRwV2Yyb0F4Qm1GbEtvc0ZuWG1n By Environmental Protection Agency - http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/image/viz_nat6.html, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2776675 Genus: Anabaena Phylum: Cyanobacteria Membrane bound nucleus Membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic Cells Know the name and functions of organelles found in eukaryotic animal cells Cell membrane a) Mitochondria b) Golgi apparatus c) Nucleolus d) Nucleus e) By Divinemercy (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Animal_Cell_Cross_Section_Model.jpg Cytoplasm f) Endoplasmic reticulum g) Lysosome h)

Eukaryotic Cells Know the name and function of organelles found in eukaryotic plant cells Cell wall a) Cell membrane b) Mitochondrion c) Golgi apparatus d) Nucleolus e) Nucleus f) © Kornelia Fillmer, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://photos.google.com/share/AF1QipN07w2MVbOkY1hNX55T6HF-k7ab1lO6gNOLMKjICmjl1PLBeSHy1uTuaisGMWJzvg/photo/AF1QipMPjNAnq-0k_A1os3jxfSa2DHqr3CepILIVnYus?key=M09OZm9fc3dYU3p4QXhzUVIzMzhFZmJEMy1sckV3 Endoplasmic reticulum g) Large central vacuole h) Chloroplast i)

Human Epithelial Cells With toothpick scrape gently inside your cheek Place scraping on washed and dry slide Place used toothpick in orange/red ‘biohazard bag’ add one drop of methylene blue cover with cover slip (careful!) Take slide to your workstation When done, drop slide with cover slip in ‘beaker with bleach’

Eukaryotic Cells What are the three differences between animal and plant cells? Plant Cells only: Cell wall Large Central Vacuole Chloroplasts Animal Cells only: Centrioles in Centrosome

Change in OLD Lab Manual Page 31 Last question before the section Lab notes: “Add a drop of iodine to the edge of the coverslip and let it draw under the coverslip. What structure in the cell has been stained by this dye?” Change the word iodine to methylene blue.

pH pH of a solution tells its hydrogen ion concentration - H+ Buffer – system of chemicals that takes up excess H+ ions or hydroxide ions (OH-) Maintaining pH is VERY important in biological systems i.e. – human blood pH must be maintained at 7.4 You will test the buffering capacity of 3 solutions (page 43) Water, buffer, and simulated cytoplasm Which one do you think will be able to hold its pH the longest as drops of HCl are added?

pH Water Buffer Simulated Cytoplasm By Clker-Free-Vector-Images / 29620 images CC 0 https://pixabay.com/p-297716 By OpenStax College - Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013., CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30131151 Water Simulated Cytoplasm Buffer

Change in NEW Lab Manual Page 44 We are NOT dipping litmus paper into the solution We will instead take a dipstick, wet it with the solution, and touch the DIPSTICK to the litmus paper.

Activities Station A Station D Station B Station C Work in groups of THREE A: “To Do” page 27 (Draw on Page 31) B: “To Do” page 28 1. Onion Cells “To Do” page 28 2. Elodea Cells “To Do” page 30 1. Human Cheek Cells (Draw all three on page 33) C: Label the models on page 32 D: “To Do” pH page 43 (1. – 5.) Station A Station D Station B Station C

End of Lab When done: Switch lens to lowest power (use nosepiece to turn) !! Stage down Take slide off, put in your slide box (in order!) Clean lens with lens paper only Follow all instructions of page 23 (“How to store”) Unplug, wrap cord around base Place back in cabinet in the correct place Return mat to your cabinet Sign out when done with ALL exercises (including lab 1 and 2)