2.2 Macromolecules Key Concepts Vocabulary Macromolecule Monomer What are macromolecules? What is the structure and function of macromolecules? What do Macromolecules do for organisms? Vocabulary Macromolecule Monomer Polymer SO WHAT IS A MACROMOLECULE?

Carbohydrates Large molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Function - energy source and as structural material Always end in – OSE Examples? glucose sucrose maltose lactose fructose dextrose galactose cellulose

Carbohydrates Monosaccharides – simplest carbohydrate Ex. glucose, fructose Disaccharides - (double sugars) made of two monosaccharides. Ex. sucrose, lactose Polysaccharides –many bonded monosaccharides. Ex. STARCH is used for energy storage in plants CELLULOSE functions as support in plants.

Lipids Function – long term energy storage, padding, waxes, and insulation Don’t dissolve in water Glyceral and Fatty Acids acids are monomers that bond to form different lipids

Lipids Saturated fats - solid at room temperature Ex. Butter Unsaturated fats - liquid at room temperature Ex. Oil Phospholipids - function in cell membranes Steroids - function as hormones

Proteins Function - structural support, transport hormones, movement (muscle), antibodies, and enzymes. Amino acids - monomers that bond to form proteins. Peptide bond - special bonds that hold amino acids together. Polymers of amino acids are called POLYPEPTIDES.

WE ARE: PROTEINS! These are all examples of proteins Actin, myosin, and trypsin - contract muscles causing movement. Hemoglobin and myoglobin - transport oxygen in the body. Amylase, lipase, and lactase - break down substances in the body. (Enzymes) Gamma globulin - functions in the immune system. Insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone - chemical messengers in the body. Collagen and keratin - structural materials in the body.

Nucleic Acids Function - carry genetic information Nucleotides – Monomers that bond together to make nucleic acids. DNA – controls cell activity, carries genetic information RNA – makes proteins