Sperm DNA fragmentation levels in testicular sperm samples from azoospermic males as assessed by the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test Marcos Meseguer, Ph.D., Rebeca Santiso, Ph.D., Nicolas Garrido, Ph.D., Manuel Gil-Salom, M.D., Jose Remohí, M.D., Jose Luis Fernandez, M.D. Fertility and Sterility Volume 92, Issue 5, Pages 1638-1645 (November 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.106 Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
Figure 1 Graphic representation of the relationship between obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia, sperm morphology and sperm recovery after thawing (pentoxifylline), and the percentage of testicular sperm with DNA fragmentation. Asterisks (∗) denote a significant difference. Fertility and Sterility 2009 92, 1638-1645DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.106) Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
Figure 2 Percentage of cells with testicular SDF with respect to classification of embryos on day 3 depending on blastomere symmetry. We defined three types of embryos: type 1, embryo cell volume with equal distribution, which means similar size in even blastomere number embryos, that is, 4, 6, or 8, or one cell with bigger diameter in odd blastomere number embryos; type 3, embryos with one big cell, which is considered dominant and which represents at least 1/3 of the embryo volume; type 2, the rest of the embryos, which includes embryos with odd blastomere number and equal size and embryos with even or odd numbers but different blastomere sizes. Asterisks (∗) denote a significant difference of the percentage of testicular SDF between the types considered (P<.05). A representative picture of each type of classified embryo has been included in the graphic. Fertility and Sterility 2009 92, 1638-1645DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.106) Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
Figure 3 Classifications of blastocysts as those whose developed blastocoel cavity on day 6 (144 hours after fertilization) compare with the rest of the embryos that did not reach the blastocyst stage, which were considered to be arrested. A comparison of the percentage of cells with testicular SDF with respect to the blastocysts and the arrested embryos was performed. Asterisks (∗) denote a significant difference in the percentage of testicular SDF between both types considered (P<.05). A representative picture of both types of classified embryos has been included in the graphic. Fertility and Sterility 2009 92, 1638-1645DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.106) Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
Figure 4 Classification of the embryos into three categories depending on the final destination: nonviable, frozen embryo, and transferred embryo. Results from the compilation of these categories with testicular SDF show that increased SDF is associated with nonviable (bad-quality) embryos. Asterisks (∗) denote a significant increase in the percentage of testicular SDF in those nonviable embryos produced compared with frozen and transferred embryos (good quality; P<.05). Fertility and Sterility 2009 92, 1638-1645DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.106) Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions