ACCELERATORS AND DETECTORS

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Presentation transcript:

ACCELERATORS AND DETECTORS 1. What do they consist in ? 2. How do they work ? 3. How to improve their capacities? One-week programme / HST 2006

3. How to improve their capacities ? 3.1. The accelerator features ACCELERATORS 1. What do they consist in ? 1.1.The basic components 2. How do they work ? 2.1. The principle 2.2. The different types 3. How to improve their capacities ? 3.1. The accelerator features 3.2. The technical problems 3.3. LHC and the last performances One-week programme / HST 2006

(electrons, protons, ions) The magnets 1. What do they consist in? 1.1. The basic components The sources (electrons, protons, ions) The magnets (how to bend and focus the beam) The resonant cavities Booster, injection and storage ring The 2 multiple intersecting beams One-week programme / HST 2006

2. How do they work? 2.1.The principle : Designed to gain energy and bend the particles’ trajectory One-week programme / HST 2006

Linear and circular accelerators 2. How do they work? 2.2. The different types Linear and circular accelerators Fixed target and colliding beams One-week programme / HST 2006

3. How to improve their capacities ? 3.1. The accelerators’ features The luminosity The stability of the beam One-week programme / HST 2006

3. How to improve their capacities? 3.2. The technical problem The quality of vacuum The brunch length and the phase stability The loss of energy and the measures of compensation The momentum, the curvature and the rotation frequency Strong magnet, power consumption and superconducting technology One-week programme / HST 2006

3. How to improve their capacities ? 3.3. LHC and the last performances One-week programme / HST 2006

1.2. Structure of a detector 2. How do they work ? DETECTORS 1. What do they consist in ? 1.1. Overview of a detector 1.2. Structure of a detector 2. How do they work ? 2.1. The different types of measurement 2.2. The different types of interaction 2.3. The particles’ properties 3. How to improve their capacities ? 3.1. What is an ideal detector? One-week programme / HST 2006

Electromagnetic calorimeter 1. What do they consist in? Interaction point Precision vertex detector tracking Magnetic spectrometer Electromagnetic calorimeter Hadronic calorimeter Muon detectors 1.1. Overview of a detector One-week programme / HST 2006

1.2. The structure of a detector 1. What do they consist in ? 1.2. The structure of a detector 1.2.1. The tracking detectors a. Ionization detectors wire chamber detector (ALEPH as ‘old detector’) silicon detector (ATLAS as ‘new detector’) b. Scintillation detectors ( Cherenkov radiation) 1.2.2. The electromagnetic calorimeter (Crystal) 1.2.3.The hadronic calorimeter (iron, uranium) 1.2.4. The muon detector One-week programme / HST 2006

2.1. The different types of measurement 2. How do they work? 2.1. The different types of measurement Measurement occurs via the interaction of a particle with the detector which creates a measurable signal by Ionisation Excitation/Scintillation Change of the particle trajectory p e- p e- g One-week programme / HST 2006

2. How do they work? 2.2. The different types of interaction scattering annihilation Production of new particles

2.3. The particles' properties 2. How do they work? 2.3. The particles' properties The particle properties : energy, momentum, charge, masse, life time, spin and decay modes The direct measurable ones : energy and momentum The derivative ones : mass, charge and life time One-week programme / HST 2006

record the full interaction 3. How to improve their capacities? 3.1. What is an ideal detector? One could record the full interaction capture and measure all properties of all emerging particles and by this, reconstruct the complete event. One would give us the power to compare the interaction directly to theoretical predictions without most uncertainties One-week programme / HST 2006