How Do You Use Magnetic Fields in Your Everyday Life!?

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Presentation transcript:

How Do You Use Magnetic Fields in Your Everyday Life!?

Lecture 18: FRI 26 FEB Magnetic fields Ch.28.1–5 Physics 2102 Jonathan Dowling Aurora Borealis Lecture 18: FRI 26 FEB Magnetic fields Ch.28.1–5 “I’ll be back….

Second Exam Review: 6-7PM WED 04 MAR Nicholson 130 Second Exam (Chapters 24–28): 6–7PM THU 05 MAR Lockett 6

Electric vs. Magnetic Fields Electric fields are created: microscopically, by electric charges (fields) of elementary particles (electrons, protons) macroscopically,by adding the field of many elementary charges of the same sign Magnetic fields are created : microscopically, by magnetic “moments” of elementary particles (electrons, protons, neutrons) macroscopically, by adding many microscopic magnetic moments (magnetic materials); or by electric charges that move (electric currents)

Magnetic Field Direction B + – Compare to Electric Field Directions E FROM North Poles TO South Poles

Ritchie’s Rule for Magnets Opposite Poles Attract Like Poles Repel

Magnetic vs. Electric Forces We know that an electric fields exists because it accelerates electric charges, with a force independent of the velocity of the charge, proportional to the electric charge: FE = qE We know that a magnetic field exists because it accelerates electric charges in a direction perpendicular to the velocity of the charge, with a magnitude proportional to the velocity of the charge and to the magnitude of the charge: FB= q v x B Magnetic forces are perpendicular to both the velocity of charges and to the magnetic field (electric forces are parallel to the field). Since magnetic forces are perpendicular to the velocity, they do no work! (W=F · r) Speed of particles moving in a magnetic field remains constant in magnitude, ONLY the direction changes. Kinetic energy is constant! (no work).

Magnetic vs. Electric Forces Electric Force on Charge Parallel to E: +q Magnetic Force on Charge Perpendicular to B and v. +q

Definition of Magnetic Field Definition of Electric Field: Definition of Magnetic Field:

Thompson Experiment Forces Balance: v=E/B

L III: vB=E I: E=0, B=0 y II: E≠0, B=0