RNA is a nucleic acid made of linked nucleotides. Ribonucleic Acid RNA is a nucleic acid made of linked nucleotides.

RNA is made up of nucleotides RNA is made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of three parts: a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar (ribose), and a nitrogen-base.

RNA Molecule RNA Base Pairing Rules:

RNA differs from DNA in 3 ways: 1. RNA consists of a single strand of nucleotides; DNA has two strands 2. RNA contains the 5-carbon sugar ribose; DNA contains deoxyribose 3. RNA has a nitrogen base called uracil (U) instead of the base thymine (T) found in DNA; uracil (U) is complementary to adenine (A) in RNA

DNA vs. RNA *double stranded *deoxyribose *ribose *A, T, G, C *single stranded *ribose * A, U, G, C

Three Types of RNA: mRNA – messenger RNA; carries the instructions for making a protein tRNA – transfer RNA; carries an amino acid on its anti-codon to the ribosomes for assembly into proteins rRNA – ribosomal RNA; forms ribosomes

FROM GENES TO PROTEINS DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, grow, and reproduce. To carry out these functions, DNA sequences must be converted into messages that can be used to produce proteins, which are the complex molecules that do most of the work in our bodies.

Gene Expression or Protein Synthesis is the process by which proteins are made based on the information encoded for on the DNA molecule. It includes the two processes listed below. Transcription – a process in which instructions for making a protein are transferred from DNA to an mRNA molecule; occurs in the nucleus Translation – the process of reading the instructions on the mRNA molecule and putting together the amino acids that make up the protein; occurs in the cytoplasm on a ribosome

Protein Synthesis Occurs in the nucleus. Occurs in the cytoplasm on a ribosome.

Protein Synthesis m DNA occurs in the nucleus Gene Expression occurs on a ribosome in the cytoplasm