Gary Bates Professor Plant Sciences. Goals for forage program Graze as much as possible Spend as little money as possible.

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Presentation transcript:

Gary Bates Professor Plant Sciences

Goals for forage program Graze as much as possible Spend as little money as possible

Yield of tall fescue Ball and co-workers Southern Forages

Cool-season wheat annual ryegrass rye turnips Annual Forage Species Warm-season sudex pearl millet crabgrass teffgrass

Using annuals for forage Pros Double crop High quality Selectivity of species Cons Expense Establishment risk

Developing a forage program Start with tall fescue as base forage Use annuals to fill in production gaps

tall fescue warm-season grass Ball and co-workers Southern Forages

Warm Season Annual Grasses ton DM/acre Planted Spring 2009GreenevilleSpringfield Red River Crabgrass * Leafy Green Pearl Millett * PROMAX Sudangrass 5.8*4.0* Greengrazer Sorghum X Sudan 5.1*3.6* Dessie Teff * Tiffany Teff * LSD (P=.05)11

Warm-season forage 10-25% of pasture Grazing during June, July, August Allows tall fescue to be rested

Yield of tall fescue Ball and co-workers Southern Forages

Season yield of cool-season annuals Daniel and co-workers NC State Univ. Crop Research Report No. 91.

Double-cropping forage Warm-season grass Cool-season annuals

Key Principles Use tall fescue as base forage species Red and white clover Stockpile in fall Devote 10-25% of land to a warm-season production Bermudagrass Summer annuals Use cool-season annuals to follow warm-season program

What about small grains into tall fescue? Wheat Rye Annual ryegrass Will they improve the winter yield of tall fescue pastures?

Study information Two winter annuals Two dates N Fertilization Wheat Ryegrass Early - mid Sept Late - mid Oct Fall – 0, 60, 90 lb/acre Spring – 80 lb/acre

Effect of overseeding and fall N rate on fall fescue yield G. Bates Knoxville Experiment Station. Overseeding treatment Fall N application (lb N/acre) None Ryegrass early Wheat early Harvested 12/15/01

Effect of overseeding and fall N rate on spring fescue yield G. Bates Knoxville Experiment Station. Overseeding treatment Fall N application (lb N/acre) None Ryegrass early Wheat early All plots received 80 lb N/acre in late February Havested 3/15/02

Key Principles Use tall fescue as base forage species Red and white clover Stockpile in fall Devote 10-25% of land to a warm-season production Bermudagrass Summer annuals Use cool-season annuals to follow warm-season program