Global Conflict HSCE 7.2.1 Ch. 29 sec. 3 *More than Europe involved---Australia, India, & Japan were Allies’ side. --Ottoman Turks, Bulgaria hooked up w/ Central Powers *Gallipoli Campaign---effort to take the Dardanelles --page 851 in text! *Asia & Africa get taken away from Germany--- --go after Germany’s colonial possessions --Japan wipes out Germ.’s China colonies & the Pacific islands --English & French take out Germ.’s African colonies

America Joins the Fight *1917—Germans announce plan of unrestricted submarine warfare---German u-boats would sink any ship around Britain without warning. --Lusitania---British passenger ship sunk by U-boats --1,198 people killed— 128 U.S. citizens! --Americans are outraged---Pres. Wilson sends formal protest to Germany --After TWO more attacks, Germany finally agreed to stop attacking neutral and passenger ships *1917---Germany continues sub warfare—thought a naval blockade of England would work before the U.S. could mobilize **Germany knew continued warfare on ships would bring the U.S. into the fight......she didn’t care! Germany sinks THREE more American ships!!!!!

The Zimmerman Telegram *Arthur Zimmerman----Germany’s foreign secretary -U.S. officials intercepted a telegram written by Zimmerman to Mexico---said Germany would help Mexico reconquer the land it lost to the U.S. if Mexico would help Germany & beat the U.S. --last straw for America! April 2, 1917, Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany and take sides w/ the allies. **By the time the U.S. joins the war, it has been going for three years---Europe had lost more men in battle than in all of the wars of the previous three centuries!!!

*

*Total war---countries devoted all their resources to the war effort. --Britain, Germany, Austria, Russia, France----the entire force of govt. was dedicated to winning the war. --Govt. took control of the economy and told factories what to make and how much---all for war --everybody worked—almost ZERO unemployment! *Rationing—people could only buy small amounts of items that were needed for the war effort. *Propaganda---using one-sided info designed to persuade and keep morale and support for the war. --Governments would censor anything that could hurt their chances of winning the war.

*Women were HUGE aspect in winning the war…. -replaced men in factories, offices, shops -built tanks, munitions -plowed fields, paved streets -ran hospitals -kept troops supplied w/ food, clothing, and weapons -were on the frontlines as nurses in combat *March 1917—Russia pulls out of war….Czar gets ousted from power and new leadership signs a peace treaty w/ Germany *Germany has only the Western Front now to worry about --German final assault pushes almost all the way to Paris……..but…..German army was weakened big time

*The Americans counterattack w/ more than 2 million soldiers and 350 tanks. --Allies begin moving toward Germany --Bulgarians & Ottoman Turks surrendered…. --Austria-Hungary faced a revolution…….German soldiers mutinied and turned on the Kaiser…He steps down….Germany declares itself a republic. --New German leader signs an armistice---agreement to stop fighting on November 11, 1918---end of World War I