Warm Up: p. 438: Skillbuilder Interpreting Charts #1 Russian Revolution Warm Up: p. 438: Skillbuilder Interpreting Charts #1
Czars and Autocracy Non-Russian cultures oppressed Opposition sent to prisons in Siberia Last czar, Nicholas II, continues autocratic rule
Revolution Grows Rapid industrialization leads to discontent due to working and living conditions Marxists believe the proletariat (industrial workers) will overthrow the government Split into two groups Mensheviks: moderate, want popular support Bolsheviks (Vladimir Lenin): radical, small elite group
Crises at Home and Abroad Russo-Japanese War: loss leads to unrest at home Bloody Sunday: workers revolted leading to short-lived reforms and the first Duma (parliament) WWI: while Nicholas led army, his wife Alexandra controlled the government, but she fell under the control of Gregori Rasputin
The March Revolution Women textile workers strike leading to large scale riots shot by the police General uprising leads to Nicholas’s abdication Provisional (temporary) government decides to stay in war Soviets (local councils of workers) gain power
The Bolshevik Revolution Lenin and Bolsheviks take over government, surrender WWI Civil war between the Red Army (Bolsheviks) and the White Army (all opposition) Last of the Romanov family assassinated
Vladimir Lenin Economic failures force him to allow small-scale capitalism in New Economic Plan: peasants allowed to sell surplus crops To lessen nationalism, country divided into self-governing republics, renamed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Joseph Stalin Follows Lenin as dictator Totalitarianism: total centralized state control Police terror and violence against opposition Indoctrination in school system Strong censorship Religious and ethnic persecution
More Stalinism Great Purge: terror campaign against political opposition killing 8-13 million Command economy: government made all economic decisions Peasants forced to work together on collective farms Impossible production quotas in Stalin’s Five Year Plans