Single Tree Selection

Regeneration Methods Not silvicultural system Purpose is to regenerate the stand

Gradient Few Trees Removed Many Trees Removed

Gradient Large Effect on Forest Floor Environment Small Effect on Forest Floor Environment

Gradient Group Selection Clearcut Single Tree Selection Shelterwood

What are the stand dynamics? What is age structure? What is species composition? What is disturbance regime?

Assumption Stand consists of “groups” in the area of one large tree. After a large tree is removed a group regenerates and then self-thins down to one tree.

Age structure Single cohort Multi cohort All-aged How did big trees get big? Multi cohort What is spatial arrangement? All-aged How did it get there?

Species composition Size of shade intolerant Density of shade tolerant

Disturbance regime Fire Wind

Regeneration Mechanism Seed Sprouting Advance regeneration

Natural Microsite Windthrow mound Windthrow pit Bole area

Can be high-grading Is the harvest really for regeneration? “high retention harvest” There are situations where it might not be bad.

Diameter Distribution Number of trees Diameter

Very shade tolerant Number of trees Diameter

Manage the whole distribution Number of trees Diameter

Equipment constraints Size Soil compaction Damage to residual stand and/or regeneration Type of log removed

Logging costs Variable costs may be low Fixed costs high (volume removed low)

Slash disposal Fire Insects

Can maintain disease Dwarf mistletoe