The Industrial Revolution Learning Goal 1: Describe the causes of industrialization and explain the role technology played in industrialization.

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1730 - 1830

What was the Industrial Revolution? Academic definition: The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries, brought about by the introduction of machinery. Informal: Time period of changing from making goods by hand to by machine

What was the Industrial Revolution? It shift in Western society from focus on agriculture to industry most dramatic change since Neolithic Revolution!!!!!!!

Life before the industrial revolution: the Cottage System What: Also known as the Domestic system Goods produced in homes Often part time work Sewing = #1 example

Cottage System (aka domestic system) Merchants provided raw materials to families to produce finished goods at home for payment -Ex: bolts of cloth for shirts, dresses, etc. Advantages Disadvantages Work at home Hard to manage Extra income for families No guarantee of production No childcare cost Inconsistent products Cheap for merchants

What Caused industrialization? Scientific Revolution Stability in Great Britain The Enclosure Acts Agricultural Revolution

What’s an enclosure?

New laws- the enclosure acts British laws that allowed the wealthy to evict tenants & create large private farms shifted from small farms to large, enclosed ones Pros Cons Led to new farming technologies & techniques Farm workers forced off land they’d worked for generations Improved crop yields Displaced farmers forced to move to cities

The agricultural revolution Improved farming techniques (ex: crop rotation) and technological improvements (ex: seed drill) Increase food supply Increased population!! Led to… Led to…

Urbanization (vocab word) Urbanization: process of population shift from rural (country) areas to urban (city) areas. Growth of cities

Why did it start in England? Stable government- Limited monarchy: Parliament prevented kings from taking too much $$ in taxes Colonies: Access to raw materials & markets to sell industrial goods Large natural deposits of coal & iron ore Used for building machines and coal-fueled machinery/transport Laissez-faire capitalism Access to ports, middle class, cheap labor

MIT first computer the Whirlwhind 55 – not the original first

The Factory System Huge factories for large machines to mass produce goods Machines required no breaks/lunch Located in cities Access to cheap labor No labor laws (yet) Division of labor/assembly line Each person has 1 role – minimal training, easy to replace employees

Identifications (IDs) Who: The person’s job or role Contributions/Discoveries: Inventions or discoveries Significance: Why is this person/their work important? You likely will have to think about this one.

Marie Curie WHO? Polish scientist CONTRIBUTIONS? Proved radioactivity when applied properly was effective in treating some diseases Created x ray Used in WWI on the battle field Sought funding for a hospital and laboratory dedicated to radiology to diagnose and treat disease Created hospital/ & lab focused on radiology Died in 1934 of exposure to radiation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEV4KJBJ vEg

Thomas Edison American inventor Over 1,000 patents including: telegraph machine, phonograph, improvements to light bulb, telephone, & motion picture equipment Inventions allowed for businesses & homes to be lighted and later have telephones Extended the work day, increasing productivity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQ2RJC1a8T0

Louis Pasteur French biologist & chemist Discovered the germ theory of disease Developed “Pasteurization” process heat could kill bacteria which spoiled liquids Developed anthrax & rabies vaccines Discovered microscopic organisms and introduced the field of microbiology Louis Pasteur https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXdbQ1JkX7c