Biomes

Biomes Contain similar average annual temperature and precipitation. Contain distinctive plant growth

For every 10° C increase, plants need 20 mm of rain to meet the increase temp. demands

For every 10° C increase, plants need 20 mm of rain to meet the increase temp. demands

Three Types of Biomes Tropical Temperate Tundra and Boreal

Three Types of Biomes Tropical Temperate Tundra and Boreal Warm and rainy – good for growing crops Warm with less rainfall – good for growing grains Colder regions good for harvesting lumber

Tundra Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season: Vegetation: Adaptations: Soil nutrient level: Permafrost:

Tundra Temperature: Cold Precipitation: Low Growing season: Short – 4 months Vegetation: small shrubs, mosses, lichens Adaptations: can grow in shallow waterlogged soil, survive short growing seasons and cold Soil nutrient level: Low Permafrost: impermeable, permanently frozen layer, prevents H20 from draining and roots from penetrating (no trees) Why does tundra have nutrient poor soil? Cold temperatures slow decomposition rates

Boreal Forest Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season: Vegetation: Adaptations: Like the tundra, the boreal forest has nutrient poor soil. Why?

Boreal Forest Temperature: Cold Precipitation: Low Growing season: Short Vegetation: Coniferous and deciduous Adaptations: Coniferous needles tolerate cold, deciduous drop leaves before cold Like the tundra, the boreal forest has nutrient poor soil. Why? Soils are nutrient poor so poorly suited for agriculture but important source of lumber

Temperate Rain Forest Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season: Vegetation: Soil nutrient level: Location: Threats:

Temperate Rain Forest Temperature: Moderate Precipitation: High Growing season: Long – 12 months Vegetation: very large trees – fir, spruce, redwoods Soil nutrient level: Low – due to coniferous needles that are slow to decompose Location: Coastal – oceans moderate temperature and provide water vapor Threats: Large trees are logged Nutrient poor soil due to coniferous needles that are slow to decompose – nutrients rapidly taken up or leached down through the soil

Temperate Seasonal Forest Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season: Vegetation: Soil nutrient level: Adaptations: Threats:

Temperate Seasonal Forest Temperature: Warm summers and cold winters Precipitation: High Growing season: 12 months Vegetation: deciduous trees Soil nutrient level: Rapid decomp. – fertile soil Threats: Often cleared for agriculture due to fertile soil

Woodland/Shrubland Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season: Vegetation: Soil nutrient level: Adaptations:

Woodland/Shrubland Temperature: hot summer and mild winter Precipitation: dry summer and rainy winter Growing season: 12 month – constrained by low rain in summer and low temps. in winter Vegetation: yucca, scrub oak, sagebrush Soil nutrient level: Low – leaching by winter rains Adaptations: plants adapted to fire and drought – seeds open after intense heat, plants resprout quickly after fire

Temperate Grassland (Prairie, Steppes, Pampas) Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season: Vegetation: Soil Nutrient Level: Adaptations: Tall grass prairie vs. short grass prairie vs. cold desert

Temperate Grassland (Prairie, Steppes, Pampas) Temperature: Cold winter, hot summers Precipitation: Dry summers Growing season: 12 month – constrained by low rain in summer and low temps. in winter Vegetation: grasses and non woody flowering plants Soil Nutrient Level: Rapid decomp. makes this biome very productive Adaptations: wildfires and frequent grazing – deep roots store energy for quick regrowth Tall grass prairie vs. short grass prairie vs. cold desert 98% of tall grass prairie in the united states has been converted to agriculture

Tropical Rainforest Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season: Vegetation: Soil Nutrient Level: Canopy vs. understory Epiphytes and lianas

Tropical Rainforest Temperature: High Precipitation: High Growing season: 12 months Vegetation: More biodiversity than any other biome Soil Nutrient Level: Warm and wet – rapid decomp. but nutrients are taken up quickly Canopy vs. understory Epiphytes and lianas

Tropical Seasonal Forest Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season: Vegetation: Soil Nutrient Level: Adaptations:

Tropical Seasonal Forest Temperature: Warm Precipitation: Wet and dry seasons Growing season: Long – but limited by rain Vegetation: deciduous trees and grasses Soil Nutrient Level: Warm temps. allow rapid decomp. - fertile soils Adaptations: drop leaves during dry season

Desert Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season: Vegetation: Adaptations:

Desert Temperature: Hot Precipitation: Dry Growing season: Short – limited by rain Vegetation: sparse vegetation Adaptations: small, thick waxy layer with few pores to conserve water. Spines to protect themselves from herbivores

Lakes and Ponds List the letter and define the zones below _____ Littoral zone- _____ Limnetic zone- _____ Profundal zone- _____Benthic zone -

Freshwater Wetlands Define: wetlands Differentiate Swamps Marshes Bogs What ecosystem services do wetlands provide?

Intertidal Zone Define intertidal zone: Describe the challenges that organisms undergo in this biome.

Coral Reefs What is coral? How do corals survive in low nutrient water? Explain coral bleaching.

Oceans List the letter and define the zones below _____ Photic zone- _____ Aphotic zone- _____ Intertidal zone- _____Benthic zone -

Oligotrophic v. Eutrophic Lakes

Oligotrophic v. Eutrophic Lakes

Oceans Describe each mechanism as well as where it occurs Chemosynthesis – Bioluminescence -