Do Now Copy the HW: Page 9 #1C (due tomorrow- 3 or more sentences) WHIL due Friday (We will do it in class on Thursday) Copy the definitions on your vocab sheet: History Written and other recorded events of people Prehistory Time before writing was invented Archeologist A scientist who studies objects to learn about human past

Homework for tonight Page 9 #1(c) Analyze the clothes you wear and the things you carry to school. What do they say about your life? How does your story compare to the Iceman’s story? Clothes are made in a factory = advanced technology. Ipod = I like music Phone = good communication The Iceman’s technology was his copper axe and finely stitched clothing.

IMPORTANT VOCAB Written and other recorded events of people History Written and other recorded events of people Prehistory Time before writing was invented “pre” means before

A scientist who examines objects to learn about the human past How or what do we study in order to figure out what happened thousands of years ago? Archaeologist A scientist who examines objects to learn about the human past

What happened here?

Otzi the “Iceman” The scientists took the body and some objects that were found near the body to a laboratory. What do you think the scientists were going to do next? In 1991 a frozen body was discovered by hikers in the Alps, a massive mountain range on the Italian-Austrian border. Scientists thought that the body was very, very old, but they could not be sure until they investigated further. What was so extraordinary about this “mummy” was that it was very well preserved in the ice. Sort of like a freezer!

Examining the Evidence Just as how the scientists have, you are going to examine 3 pieces of evidence from the case of the Iceman. When each piece of evidence is shown, discuss & respond with your group: What could this tell you about the Iceman’s life and/or how he died? You will need to THINK and use your problem solving skills. Record your group’s thoughts on your paper.

Evidence 1: His body Body position, arrowhead in shoulder, knife wound in hand, skull fracture in back of head

Evidence 2: His clothing

Evidence 3: His copper axe Earliest known use of copper is around 4,000 BCE (draw timeline)

The Evidence Evidence Our ideas and theories His body Ten years after discovery: arrowhead in his shoulder and knife wound on his hand Originally, they thought he froze to death. But then they found the wounds, and think he may have died from injuries he received during a fight. ???? Finely stitched animal skin clothing He probably came from a community that was skilled at sewing. ??? Copper Axe Copper used after 4,000 BC, so Iceman must have lived after that.

But who was Otzi? Theories... - The Iceman may have been a holy man who had climbed into the mountains in order to carry out his priestly duties. However, this is contradicted by the lack of holy vestments or ritual objects. - Because the Iceman was carrying a copper axe, it was thought that he may have been looking for metal in the mountains. However, he did not have the right tools for the job or samples of metal with him. - Because of all his weapons (his bow and arrows), many people think Otzi was a hunter. However, these weapons have many uses, including protection against other humans. He also had a net that could have been used for capturing birds or rabbits. - There is no evidence that the Iceman was a trader. The six flint implements he had do not look like trade items. Instead they appear to be tools for his personal use. As the retoucheur (used to mold flint) shows, he would have been able to make the tools himself and resharpen them as needed. Nor did his kit include any other items that he might have traded.

How does the story of Otzi show that history is always changing? HOT question! How does the story of Otzi show that history is always changing?

Did you know? All living things are made up of mostly carbon. Carbon is special because after a while it changes. So because it changes over time, scientists can look at the carbon found in living (or dead) things to figure out how old it is.