13.3 War with Mexico.

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Presentation transcript:

13.3 War with Mexico

The New Mexico Territory New Mexico: land between Texas and California territories Modern day New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah, parts of Colorado and Wyoming While under Spanish control, Americans were not welcome in the Santa Fe area Now under Mexican control, Americans were welcome…they hoped it would boost the economy through trade

The New Mexico Territory continued… William Becknell: first American to reach Santa Fe, arrived in 1821, and he created the Santa Fe Trail. Santa Fe Trail: started in Independence, Missouri, followed the Arkansas River west toward the Rockies, then turned south Because of the Trail, more Americans moved west and trade grew Americans began to take over New Mexico as part of American Manifest Destiny

California’s Spanish Culture Spanish explorers and missionaries from Mexico settled in California in the 1700s They began a chain of missions Missions aimed to convert Native Americans to Christianity and spread the Spanish way of life Missions taught Native Americans how to farm, and they worked at weaving and other crafts

California’s Spanish Culture (continued…) 1821: California became a Mexican state Mexicans bought the mission lands and set up huge ranches Native Americans worked the land in return for food and shelter Rancheros (ranch owners) treated the Native Americans almost like slaves 1840s Americans reached California Americans wanted to add California to the Union so that they would be safely bordered by the Pacific Ocean and not a foreign country

Conflict Begins President James K. Polk wanted to acquire California and New Mexico Mexico refused to sell the lands and Polk planned to gain the lands through war Polk needed Mexico to strike first to justify the war United States and Mexico were not friendly The two countries argued about where the border was United States said that the Rio Grande formed the border Mexico claimed the border lay along the Nueces River (150 miles north of the Rio)

Conflict Begins continued… United States offered $30 million for California, New Mexico, and the border was the Rio Grande Mexico refused and declared that they intended to reclaim Texas Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to lead troops into the area on the Rio Grande Mexico saw this as an invasion and attacked on April 25, 1846 May 13, 1846 Congress declares war on Mexico

A War Plan Polk’s three point plan to win the war U.S. would drive Mexican forces out of Texas U.S. would seize New Mexico and California American forces would advance into Mexico and capture Mexico City By 1847, Taylor had accomplished goal #1 Taylor’s second goal was accomplished rather easily September 1847, Taylor’s third goal was accomplished when the U.S. troops captured Mexico’s capital

California Uprising June 14, 1846 Americans living in California declared California independent It was easy for Americans to rise up against the weak Mexican presence in California California is renamed Bear Flag Republic Bear Flag Republic did not last long Within a month American ships arrived and claimed the republic for the U.S.

Peace Terms February 2, 1848 Mexican leaders signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico gave the U.S. more than 500,000 square miles Mexico accepted the Rio Grande as its border with Texas U.S. paid Mexico $15 million and assumed $3.25 million in debts owed to Americans