OBSERVATIONS NETWORK IN GUINEA WMO RA-I WIGOS WORKSHOP ON AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION (AWS) NETWORKS Strengthening and modernizing observing systems en Africa. Windhoek, NAMIBIA 19-21 November 2018. OBSERVATIONS NETWORK IN GUINEA Mamadou TOUNKARA Email: tounkara218@gmail.com

OUTLINES I. GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION II. CLIMATE III. OBSERVATIONS NETWORK IV. DIFFICULTIES OF THE NETWORKS OBSERVATIONS V. CONCLUSION

I. GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION Guinea is situated in West Africa and is limited at the East by the Ivory Coast and Mali, to the South by Liberia and the Sierra Leone, to the West by the Atlantic ocean and the Guinea Bissau and to the North by Senegal and Mali. Guinea covers an area of 245 857 km². Most big streams of West Africa take their source in Guinea. Guinea has a four natural Regions: 1. Guinea Maritime or Low Guinea; 2. Middle Guinea; 3. High Guinea; 4. Guinea Forest. These natural regions correspond each to a type of climate with particularities of temperature, rainfall, soil, fauna, flora and relief.

II. CLIMATE The climate is characterized by two seasons : the dry season (November-April) and the rainy season (April - October). The rainy season lasts 5 to 7 months (April-October) of the north toward the south ; the rainfall mean is about 1970 mm. The rainfall distribution depending the latitude, the topography and the continentality. Maxima rainfall are situated in Conakry (3700 mm) and Macenta (2700 mm); the minima are observed in the northern part (Siguiri and Koundara with respectively 1200 and 1100 mm). The maxima temperature (superior to 30°C) is recorded in March-April in the north zone and the lowest temperature is observed in December-January in the Fouta-Djallon region (lower to 10°C in Labé).

Monthly mean data for synotic stations

III. OBSERVATIONS NETWORK 3.1 Classical equipment Stations 12 Synoptical Station; 27 Climatological Station; 6 Agrometeorological Station; 1 Marine Meteorological Station; 1 Upper air Station ; Mainy Rainfall Station.

Map of network

III. OBSERVATIONS NETWORK 3.2 Automatic Weather Station (AWS). Funded by the World Bank, Security and Safety Project at Conakry Airport. Equipments composed: SADIS (Satellite Data Dissemination System) and SIOMA (Integrated Aerodrome Meteorological Observation System).

III. OBSERVATIONS NETWORK 3.2 Automatic Weather Station (AWS). With the support of development partners, GEF / UNDP-funded adaptation projects have provided National Meteorology with 19 AWS. Project 1: Strengthening resilience and adapting to the negative impacts of climate change in Guinea's vulnerable coastal areas – RAZC. Five (5) stations along the coast: Boké, Boffa, Dubréka, CERESCOR (Conakry) and Forecariah.

III. OBSERVATIONS NETWORK 3.2 Automatic Weather Station (AWS). Project 2: Strengthening the Livelihood Resilience of Agricultural Communities to Climate Change in Gaoual, Koundara and Mali Prefectures – REMECC-GKM. Five (5) stations installed at Gaoual, Koundara, Mali, Labe and Fria. Four (4) mini stations measuring only 3 parameters (temperature, humidity and rainfall).

III. OBSERVATIONS NETWORK 3.2 Automatic Weather Station (AWS). Project 3: Ecosystem-based adaptation of vulnerable communities in Upper Guinea – AbE/HG. Five stations are installed in the project area.

III. OBSERVATIONS NETWORK 3.2 Automatic Weather Station (AWS). The EWS project (Strengthening climate information and Early Warning Systems in for climate resilient development and adaptation to climate change in Guinea) will rehabilitate 27 stations with GPRS transmission. Also, the 19 stations equipped by projects 1 and 2 will be upgraded.

3.3 Exemple data from Forecariah

3.1 Management data

Creating an Operational End to End Early Warning System Infrastructure in Guinea (West Africa) Deployment in July 2013 - Twelve (12) Earth Networks Total Lightning Sensors with Automated Weather Stations ; - Three week long implementation on Cellcom mobile telecom towers; - Onsite installation and maintenance training by Earth Networks ; - Technicians representing Guinea DNM (Direction Nationale de la Météorologie) and Cellcom ; Support the Department of Meteorology, Ministry of Transport.

Display to high temperature on the 21th March 2014 at 12:10 PM Mamou

Climatological information about Mamou Clic Details

Some parameters

Daily observation

10 days forecast at Mamou from Friday, 21th March 2014

IV. DIFFICULTIES The AWS observation of variables is done automatically. However, the data transmission from the acquisition unit to the archiving service, it is done manually. For AWS provided by CIMEL, the current loop for data acquisition and the internet key for the transmission of downloaded data are used. With the equipment provided by ADCON, it is planned that the transmission is done by GPRS. At this level there are difficulties at the national level: electricity problem and IP address. Currently, only the mini stations installed by Project 2 are operational through the ADCON server.

V. CONCLUSION The use of automatic weather stations has become a challenge for developing countries. However, we have AWS advantage and constraint. AWS Advantage Wide coverage of vulnerable areas; Reduction of personnel; Acquisition several parameters; Fast processing information and dissemination of products; Data entry set

V. CONCLUSION AWS constraint Calibration of data; Incrementation tilting at 0.2 mm; Drift of some parameters (U> 100%, T <0, ..); Capacity building for mantenance and calibration; Budget lack somme MNS; Etc..

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION.