Life as a worm-- the nematode C. elegans

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Cell Communication Chapter 11 - Abridged.
Advertisements

Chapter 21. Development of Multicellular Organisms
Lecture 10 Types of lineage mutants Lateral inhibition in C. elegans Induction in C. elegans.
Lecture 9 C. elegans cell biology C. elegans genetics C. elegans genome.
Nematodes early development of Caenorhabditis elegans 9e; Page
12 The Genetic Control of Development. Gene Regulation in Development Key process in development is pattern formation = emergence of spatially organized.
Chapter 13 Genetic Control of Development Jones and Bartlett Publishers © 2005.
Differential Gene Expression
Rhonda Hummel Why is dying so important? Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine 2002 Co-awarded on October 7, 2002 For “genetic regulation of organ development.
The Genetics of Caenorthabditis Elegans Brenner, 1974 Lecture by Assaf Tal.
C. elegans lecture Kaveh Ashrafi N412C Genentech Hall
Cell replication Chapter 4. How long is a cell cycle? The time taken for a newly formed cell to mature and then give rise to two new cells is called.
Life as a worm-- the nematode C. elegans Hermaphrodites do it by themselves.
Big lessons from little worms
How does Ras act in our body, in vivo ? Why would constitutively active Ras lead to cancer ? From cell culture to model organisms.
Development.
Genetic models Self-organization How do genetic approaches help to understand development? How can equivalent cells organize themselves into a pattern?
Genetic models Self-organization How do genetic approaches help to understand development? How can equivalent cells organize themselves into a pattern?
21.1 – 1 As you learned in chapter 12, mitosis gives rise to two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Yet you, the product.
1 How does a fertilized egg become an animal? Clam egg and sperm.
1. ~ 1000 cells, small, easy to use for genetics 2. Entire lineage and nerve system mapped. Caenhorhabditis elegans 3. 3 day life cycle, easy to use for.
Chapters 19 - Genetic Analysis of Development: Development Development refers to interaction of then genome with the cytoplasm and external environment.
Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) An elegant worm.
The Genetic Basis of Development
WHY DO BIOLOGISTS STUDY BACTERIA, YEASTS, WORMS, FLIES, AND MICE? Harvey F. Lodish, Ph.D. Member, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research Professor.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. PowerPoint ® Lecture Presentation for Concepts of Genetics Ninth Edition Klug, Cummings, Spencer, Palladino Chapter.
Introduction of C. elegans ——A model organism Xiaoqi Sang
Concept 18.4: A program of differential gene expression leads to the different cell types in a multicellular organism.
Cell Division SC.912.L Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis and relate to the processes of sexual and asexual reproduction and their consequences.
Model Organisms. Model Organism  Important features of all model organisms  Short lifespan  Small, easy and inexpensive to maintain  Produce large.
Human Drosophila C. elegans ~ 24,000 Genes ~ 13,000 Genes ~ 19,000 Genes Mouse ~ 24,000 Genes.
Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression Dr. Joseph Silver.
Chapters 47 & 21 Animal Development & The Genetic Basis of Development.
Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila: Segment Polarity Genes & Hox Genes Gilbert - Chapter 9.
Development and Genes Part 1. 2 Development is the process of timed genetic controlled changes that occurs in an organism’s life cycle. Mitosis Cell differentiation.
Sydney Brenner by Andrew Brenner. Early Life  Sydney Brenner was born in 1927 in Germinston, South Africa  He discovered the Germinston Public Library.
Chapters 19 - Genetic Analysis of Development:
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 Zhou zhe.
Chapter 19 Biology Sixth Edition Raven/Johnson (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
BIO305 Developmental Biology Instructor: Dave Champlin.
Today’s Goals Describe the advantages of C. elegans as a model organism Discuss the life cycle of the nematode Safely and effectively culture a population.
The Developmental Fate of Cells Marissa and Katie.
C. elegans as a model organism
WARM UP List anything and everything you know about chromosomes, mitosis, meiosis, or cell division.
Cellular Differentiation
MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths
Why would constitutively active Ras lead to cancer ?
(1) Division and differentiation in human cells
Development system
Cancer as a genetic disease
Chapter 21 The Genetic Basis of Development.
Non-coding RNA April 11, 2018.
Fejlődésbiológiai technikák, modellek
Why would constitutively active Ras lead to cancer ?
Programmed Cell Death A genetically controlled cell suicide pathway
Today’s Goals Describe the advantages of C. elegans as a model organism Discuss the life cycle of the nematode Safely and effectively culture a population.
2. 2 Life as a worm-- the nematode C. elegans.
Non-coding RNA October 25, 2017.
Methods in developmental biology
The Genetic Basis of Development
Model organisms: C. elegans
2. 2 Life as a worm-- the nematode C. elegans.
Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages (September 2005)
Volume 87, Issue 2, Pages (October 1996)
Heterochronic Genes and the Nature of Developmental Time
LEQ: Why is the eukaryotic cell cycle regulated?
C. elegans cell-lineage map and multi-vulva mutants.
Gene Regulation and Mutation
Model Organisms as a Guide to Mammalian Aging
Presentation transcript:

Life as a worm-- the nematode C. elegans

Life as a worm-- the nematode C. elegans

Hermaphrodites do it by themselves

An entire C. elegans hermaphrodite worm consists of exactly 959 cells EVERY SINGLE TIME, allowing one to follow the cell lineage.

Most lineages do not consist of single tissue types but the germline and the gut both arise from single founder cells

Most lineages do not consist of single tissue types but the germline and the gut both arise from single founder cells

the secret of embryonic development Within this lineage is the secret of embryonic development

Even cell death is programmed into the lineage C. elegans was used to identify the machinery that regulates programmed cell death in ALL animals

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 "for their discoveries concerning ’ genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'" Sidney Brenner H. Robert Horvitz John Sulston

One mechanism is through asymmetric segragation of determinants How can lineage control cell fate? One mechanism is through asymmetric segragation of determinants

segregated into one cell at the 16-cell stage. That cell is the A determinant within the P granules is asymmetrically segregated into one cell at the 16-cell stage. That cell is the progenitor of the germline! DNA P granules Gilbert 8.33

In par mutants P granules are found in ALL daughter cells wildtype par-3 mutant

Mutations can alter lineages in many ways

Changes in the pattern of cell division Example #1- lin-22 Changes in the pattern of cell division

Changes in the pattern of cell division Example #1- lin-22 Changes in the pattern of cell division lin-22 is homologous to the Drosophila pair-rule gene hairy

Changes in the timing of cell division Example #2- lin-14 Changes in the timing of cell division L1 L2 L1 L2 L1 L1 L1

The vulva provides a great model for how cell interactions shape cell lineage! Vulva

Cell ablations help define the key players

All cells are created equal (or, the road to fame is paved with dead bodies)

The vul mutations helped define the RTK-Ras pathway, which is mutationally activated in about half of all human tumors

Does this remind you of anything we learned earlier?

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2024 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.