High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Variation Shows a Sharp Discontinuity and Limited Gene Flow between Northwestern Africa and the Iberian.

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High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Variation Shows a Sharp Discontinuity and Limited Gene Flow between Northwestern Africa and the Iberian Peninsula Elena Bosch, Francesc Calafell, David Comas, Peter J. Oefner, Peter A. Underhill, Jaume Bertranpetit The American Journal of Human Genetics Volume 68, Issue 4, Pages 1019-1029 (April 2001) DOI: 10.1086/319521 Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree of Y-chromosome haplotypes and their absolute frequencies in NW Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. The identifiers of the genotyped markers, as well as the haplogroup and haplotype designations, are according to Underhill et al. (2000). Italicized markers were not typed, but their allelic states in the chromosomes analyzed can be deduced unequivocally from the phylogenetic tree. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2001 68, 1019-1029DOI: (10.1086/319521) Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Frequency of Y-chromosome haplotypes H22 (a); H35 (b); H36 (c); H38 (d); H58 (e); H71 (f); H102 (g); H103 (h); and H104 (i), in NW Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. The phylogenetic position of each haplotype is found in the upper right of each panel. The worldwide distribution, according to Underhill et al. (2000), is found in the lower right of each panel. Areas of circles are proportional to sample size. In panel a, 1 = Basques; 2 = Catalans; 3 = Andalusians; 4 = north-central Moroccan Berbers; 5 = Moroccan Arabs; 6 = southern Moroccan Berbers; and 7 = Saharawi. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2001 68, 1019-1029DOI: (10.1086/319521) Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Median-joining networks relating eight-locus STR haplotypes H35 (a); H38 (b); and H104 (c), within biallelic lineages. Areas of circles are proportional to absolute frequencies. White circles denote NW African individuals, black circles denote Iberians. For the sake of clarity, parallel lines do not always represent parallel mutations. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2001 68, 1019-1029DOI: (10.1086/319521) Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Median-joining network of STR haplotypes in H58 and H71. Chromosomes to the left of line a carry allele 12f2*10Kb; chromosomes to the right of line a carry allele 12f2*8Kb. Those under line b or within circle c belong to H58, whereas all others belong to H71. White circles denote NW African individuals; black circles denote Iberians. For the sake of clarity, parallel lines do not always represent parallel mutations. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2001 68, 1019-1029DOI: (10.1086/319521) Copyright © 2001 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions