Vascular inflammation and metabolic activity in hematopoietic organs and liver in familial combined hyperlipidemia and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia 

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Vascular inflammation and metabolic activity in hematopoietic organs and liver in familial combined hyperlipidemia and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia  Konstantinos Toutouzas, MD, John Skoumas, MD, Iosif Koutagiar, MD, Georgios Benetos, MD, Nikoletta Pianou, PhD, Alexandros Georgakopoulos, MD, Spyros Galanakos, MD, Alexios Antonopoulos, MD, Maria Drakopoulou, MD, Evangelos K. Oikonomou, MD, Pavlos Kafouris, PhD, Emmanouil Athanasiadis, PhD, Marinos Metaxas, PhD, George Spyrou, PhD, Zoi Pallantza, MD, Nikolaos Galiatsatos, MD, Constantina Aggeli, MD, Charalampos Antoniades, MD, Georgia Keramida, MD, Adrien M. Peters, MD, Constantinos D. Anagnostopoulos, MD, Dimitris Tousoulis, MD  Journal of Clinical Lipidology  Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages 33-43 (January 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.10.019 Copyright © 2017 National Lipid Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Flow chart of the study. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 2018 12, 33-43DOI: (10.1016/j.jacl.2017.10.019) Copyright © 2017 National Lipid Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Comparison of inflammatory biomarkers levels in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH), heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (heFH), and nondyslipidemics controls. Individuals with FCH exhibited higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (A) and fibrinogen (B) values in comparison with heFH and controls. The bottom of the boxes represents the first quartile, the top of the boxes represents the third quartile, and the line in the boxes represents the median value. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 2018 12, 33-43DOI: (10.1016/j.jacl.2017.10.019) Copyright © 2017 National Lipid Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Fluorodeoxyglucose signal quantified as target-to-background ratio (TBR) within the wall of the thoracic aorta (A), abdominal aorta (B), and whole aorta (C), is greater in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) compared with individuals with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (heFH) and nondyslipidemic controls. The bottom of the boxes represents the first quartile, the top of the boxes represents the third quartile, and the line in the boxes represents the median value. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 2018 12, 33-43DOI: (10.1016/j.jacl.2017.10.019) Copyright © 2017 National Lipid Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake within the liver (A), the spleen (B), and the bone marrow (C) of subjects with familial dyslipidemias and of nondyslipidemic individuals. The bottom of the boxes represents the first quartile, the top of the boxes represents the third quartile, and the line in the boxes represents the median value. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 2018 12, 33-43DOI: (10.1016/j.jacl.2017.10.019) Copyright © 2017 National Lipid Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Increased hepatic, spleen, aortic, and bone marrow fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH). Fused 18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) axial views of liver (green crosses) and spleen (marked as white ∗) (A1, B1, C1), coronal views of aorta (blue arrows) (A2, B2, C2), and sagittal views of bone marrow (red arrows) (A3, B3, C3). There was an intense FDG uptake quantified as target-to-background ratio (TBR) within liver, spleen, aortic wall, and bone marrow in patients with FCH (A1–3) compared with subjects with heFH (B1–3) and controls (C1–3). Journal of Clinical Lipidology 2018 12, 33-43DOI: (10.1016/j.jacl.2017.10.019) Copyright © 2017 National Lipid Association Terms and Conditions