Lesson 2: Naming Branched alkanes

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Lesson 2: Naming Branched alkanes Organic Chemistry Lesson 2: Naming Branched alkanes

Video version Tiny.cc/namealkane

Branched Alkanes: Hydrocarbons are not always straight chains. Carbon is stable when it forms four covalent bonds. This means it could bond with anywhere between 1-4 carbon atoms, resulting in branched chains.

Branched Alkanes: An atom or group of atoms that can take the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon are called substituents. The longest continuous chain is the parent chain and does not necessarily need to be written in a straight line.

Branched Alkanes: Example: Circle the substituents in the following hydrocarbons.

A hydrocarbon substituent derived from an alkane is called an alkyl group An alkyl group is essentially just an alkane with one of the hydrogen atoms removed. Alkyl groups are named with the same prefixes as alkanes, but with the suffix “yl” (ex. –CH2CH3 is an ethyl group) An alkane with one or more alkyl groups is called a branched chain alkane.

Steps for Naming Branched Chain Alkanes: Ex. Determine the name for the following branched chain alkyl group:

Steps for Naming Branched Chain Alkanes: 1. First identify the longest carbon chain. This chain is considered the parent chain.

Steps for Naming Branched Chain Alkanes: 2. Number the carbons from one end of the parent chain to the other in such a way that the substituent groups will get the lowest possible numbers

Steps for Naming Branched Chain Alkanes: 3. Add the numbers to the names of the substituent groups to identify their location about the parent chain (use dashes to separate numbers and words).

Steps for Naming Branched Chain Alkanes: 4. Use prefixes to indicate the appearance of the same group more than once. (di, tri, tetra)

Steps for Naming Branched Chain Alkanes: 5. List the names of the alkyl substituents in alphabetical order (ignoring prefixes di- tri- etc).

Steps for Naming Branched Chain Alkanes: 6. Add the name of the parent chain onto the end. Combine all parts of the name using proper punctuation. Write the entire name without any spaces. Use commas to separate number. Use hyphens to separate numbers and words.

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