Ohio Learning Standard #14 Consequences of World War I and worldwide economic depression set the stage for the rise of Totalitarianism and aggressive Axis expansion

BIG Problems following WWI Political Economic Social

Authoritarianism Government characterized by citizens’ absolute obedience to a N Govt Authority Arises in nation when facing severe Cr_________ (Economic Recession or Political Upheaval) Advancing T_____________ becomes format for accepting & rationalizing MAJOR Economic Development (Modernizing)

Totalitarianism = Dictatorship

Extremism N___________ takes hold = country’s interest over individual – to point of accepting extreme measures Institutional Pat__________ = mass popular support for military, Religion, business, bureaucracy

Propaganda Appealing to Loyalists & “Pa__________” Accept Id____________ of individuals displaying leadership potential – even Extremists (Stalin)

Regime Establishment Ideological orthodoxy based on political party, social institution, mass media, & Economic Mob__________ Cen_________ (national) power of Gov & Econ - little tolerance for regional exception or opposition groups

Notable Examples Soviet Russia under Stalin Fascist Italy under Mussolini Spain under Francisco Franco Nazi Germany under Hitler Empirical Japan under Hirohito China under Mao Zae Dong Cuba under Fidel Castro North Korea under Kim Il Sung Libya under Gaddafi Zimbabwe under Mugabe Iraq under Saddam Hussein Syria under Bashar al-Assad

Fascism Invoking Power in the Nation as best way of Modernization, Expansion, & Competition! Borrow from Soc______ - but applied to conflicts between nations & races rather than class conflict (like in Communism)

Symbolism Fasces = R_________ symbol of civic authority Strength through Un_____ - a single rod is easily broken, while bundle is difficult to break Fixation on internal cleansing, external expansion, rebuilding past national power & culture

Gentile’s Fascist Doctrine Fascist state is a will to power & empire. The Roman tradition is a powerful force…Empire is not only territorial or military or mercantile concept, but is spiritual & moral Fascism is the only liberty which can be serious! Therefore, for the fascist, everything is in the state … no human or spiritual thing exists, or has any sort of value, outside the state

Nationalist Economy Advocates mixed economy (Capitalism + Socialism) in order to secure national self-sufficiency & independence Nationalistic goals to create regulated economy which transforms society into efficient & modern Built around political organizations called guilds (unions)

Social Cleansing Military-style mobilizing (B____ S_____), strict justice, promoting masculinity, youth, & charismatic leadership Belief that success of Italian nation requires respect for heritage (Roman) & commitment to M______________

Lateran Treaty Gave Pope control over V________ City Mussolini paid 750mil Lira as compensation Pope gave up claims to all other lands in Italy Church gave Mussolini formal recognition C_________ becomes the official Religion obscene publications & public swearing is banned Clergy could not belong to a political party