Aim: How should the Qin Dynasty be Remembered? Do Now:Each time you come to school late, 1 of your fingers will be chopped off. How do you feel about this? WRITE AN ANSWER  turn & talk NY State Standards 2 Common Core Standards RS 5, 7, 9, WS 1, 4, 8

Timeline of Chinese History so Far… Shang Dynasty Shang Dynasty 1650 – 1027 BCE Earliest Chinese civilization by the Yellow River Earliest form of Chinese writing Zhou Dynasty Zhou Dynasty 1027 – 256 BCE Feudalism Believed Emperors receive the Mandate of Heaven. If they lost it, then a new dynasty would take over (Dynastic Cycle).

I The Warring States 481 - 221 BCE Starting in 481 BBC China consisted of 7 “Warring States”. The Kingdom of Qin in the north became dominant due to Shi Huangti .

The Warring States Continued… B) Qin King Ying Zheng used spies and bribery. He appointed his generals based on ability rather than their family status. In less than a decade, he conquered all 6 enemy kingdoms. C) Qin King Ying Zheng proclaimed himself Shi Huangti (first emperor) of China in 221 BCE. Shi Huangti

II Qin Dynasty 221 – 207 BCE A) The Qin Dynasty was the first centralized Chinese government to be ruled by an emperor (Shi Huangti). B) Shi Huangti ended feudalism. In its place he created the first Chinese bureaucracy: - Divided China into 36 districts, each governed by emperor appointed officials. - All the royal families of the conquered 6 enemy kingdoms were forced to move to his capital city of Xianyang to spy on them.

Qin Dynasty 221 – 207 BCE Continued… Liu Bang Epang Gong Qin Palace

Qin Achievements Unified China under 1 Emperor Standardized [made uniform] Chinese written characters Standardized the currency (copper coins) Began the Great Wall of China and the Grand Canal. Terra Cotta Army in Xian

The Terra Cotta Army The first Qin Emperor, Qin Shi Huangti, had an “army” of 6000+ life-size statues of soldiers, chariots, horses and weapons buried with him. Each statue’s face is different!

Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is a system of defensive walls and towers. It was built between 476 BCE and 1644 CE. 5500 miles long! It was built to protect China from Mongol invasions from the north, though it didn’t always succeed. The Great Wall of China is often called the “longest cemetery on Earth”, as over 1,000,000 workers died while building it. Human remains were buried under sections of the wall.

Great Wall Watch Tower

Legalism under the Qin Legalism was a philosophical belief that human beings are more inclined to do wrong than right because they are selfish. Legalism became the official state philosophy of the Qin Dynasty. If a person did not obey the law, others were required to report him. If not, they were quartered or beheaded. Obedience  rewards. Disobedience  sent to work on building projects such as the Great Wall of China, the Grand Canal, or roads. Scholarship was strongly suppressed and literacy declined. Shi Huangti believed that uneducated people were easier to control.  burning of books and execution of scholars.

The Grand Canal The Grand Canal (1,200 miles in length) is the longest man-made waterway. It was begun under the Qin dynasty, but began to be linked together under the Sui.

Decline of the Qin There were peasant revolts due to the harsh rule. In 207 BCE, a peasant army led by Liu Bang in 206 BCE seized the Qin capital Xianyang, ending the rule of the Qin.

Summary Questions How did the Qin rise to power? Why did the Qin Empire made legalism their official policy? Why did the Qin react so harshly to Confucian scholars? Do you think legalism is a good way to run a government? What were the achievements of the Qin? Did the good outweigh the bad? Why did the Qin decline?

Key Vocabulary Grand Canal Great Wall of China Legalism Liu Bang Qin Dynasty Qin Shi Huangti Terra Cotta Army Warring States