Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Ch. 4 Biology HP

Biology Standards 1f. Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts, and stored via the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide. 1g. Students know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide. i.* how chemiosmotic gradients in the mitochondria and chloroplast store energy for ATP production.

Photosynthesis & Respiration -Occurs in _________. -Produces ______ using _______ energy in glucose -Plants & Animals (________ &_________) ______ + 6 _____  6_____ + 6 ______ Photosynthesis -Occurs in _________. -Produces _______ using ______ energy -Plants only (________) light + 6 ____ + 6 ____  _____ + 6 ______

Photosynthesis process by which plants convert solar energy to _________ compounds (___________) Plants = “___________” (make their own food) Chemical Equation light + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  _____ (glucose) + 6 O2

Chloroplast Site of _______________ Contains _________ that absorbs energy from sunlight Structure of a chloroplast: 1) Double membrane 2) __________: contain _________; where _______ _______ takes place 3) _________: stacks of thylakoids 4) _________: space between grana

Chloroplast Structure

Plant Pigments Function: absorb sunlight in chloroplast main pigment = _____________ accessory pigment = ________, ________, __________ _________ light at different wavelengths and ________ what is not absorbed.

Colors and Wavelengths Plants are green b/c _____ wavelength is NOT absorbed but reflected. _____ and ______ wavelengths are highly absorbed.

Photosynthesis - 2 steps 1. ____________ requires sunlight; occurs in __________ (_______________) 2. ___________ (____________) does not require sunlight occurs in _______

Photosynthesis - 2 steps Continued… 1. ________ FUNCTION: 1) To make __________ ________________ (ATP & NADPH) using solar energy (photons). 2) Splits _______ to make _________as a by-product. (____________) ATP & NADPH (a temporary energy storage molecule) are used in Dark rxn later. 2. _________ (_______ Cycle) FUNCTION: To make ________from _______using energy (ATP & NADPH) from light rxn. It takes 6 turns of Calvin cycle to fix CO2 (1 carbon) Into C6H12O6 (6 carbons) or glucose.

___________ captures and transfers energy. _________ absorbs energy from sunlight. energized electrons enter _____________ _______________. _____ molecules are split and _____ is released as waste. ______________ are transported across thylakoid membrane.

___________ captures energy and produces energy-carrying molecules. _________ absorbs energy from sunlight. energized electrons are used to make ________. NADPH is transferred to light-independent reactions.

The light-dependent reactions produce _____ using electron transport chain. hydrogen ions flow through a channel in the thylakoid membrane. ____________ attached to the channel makes ATP.

Cellular Respiration Process by which plant and animal cells make ________ (energy) -Occurs in _____________. Chemical equation __________ (glucose) + 6 O2 ________ + ________ + ATP

Mitochondria Structure _______= folded lining; where ATP is made _______ = the inner part of mitochondria where Kreb Cycle occurs. ____ ________ = electron transport occurs here. Outer membrane

ATP ATP is made up of ______, ________, ___________; energy-carrying molecules. (_____ = Adenosine Triphsophates) (_____ = Adenosine Diphosphates) (_____ = Adenosine Monophosphate) Energy is stored in _______ between phosphates

How does ATP store energy? ATP  ADP + P

CELLULAR RESPIRATION (NO ____ Needed) OXYGEN PRESENT OXYGEN ABSENT

Step 1: _____________ Function: breakdown of __________ does NOT require _________ Where does it occur? _______________________ How many ATPs are made? __________ Glucose (6C)  2 ________ _______ (3C) 2 ATP if O2 is present: enter ______________. (aerobic) if O2 is absent: enter ______________ (anaerobic)

Step 2: _______________ (Citric Acid Cycle) Function: Produces temporary energy storage molecules such as _________ and ___________ _________ is given off as a by-product * Where does it occur? in the ____________________________________ * How many ATPs are made? _________ 2 Pyruvic Acids enter; Krebs Cycle must turn twice for every glucose

Step 3: _____________________ Function: Makes __________ using NADH & FADH2 from Krebs Cycle. Where does it occur? in the __________________ __________________________________________ *How many ATPs are made? ______________ _________ is the last electron acceptor in the chain. ___ATP from Glycolysis + ____ ATP from Krebs Cycle + ____ ATP from ETC = ATP Total

Chemiosmosis (Electron Transport Chain) ____________________– an enzyme that makes ATP’s by adding a phosphate to an ADP.

Chemiosmosis (Electron Transport Chain) 1. ______ and _______ provide high-energy electrons. 2. high-energy electrons enter electron transport chain. 3.energy is used to pump _____________across the inner membrane. . 4. As ____________flow back in, __________ (an enzyme) makes ATP’s by adding a phosphate to an ADP. 5. ______ picks up electrons and hydrogen ions and turns into ____-

Fermentation occurs when _____ is _________ no net ATP produced _________ Fermentation: occurs in _____cells Pyruvic Acid  _______ + CO2 Ex: 2) ________ __Fermentation: occurs in __________ cells when O2 is in short supply Ex: Your muscles fatigue after exercise due to build up of __________. Pyruvic Acid  _________ ___________