Selective Inhibition of p300 HAT Blocks Cell Cycle Progression, Induces Cellular Senescence, and Inhibits the DNA Damage Response in Melanoma Cells Gai.

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Selective Inhibition of p300 HAT Blocks Cell Cycle Progression, Induces Cellular Senescence, and Inhibits the DNA Damage Response in Melanoma Cells Gai Yan, Mark S. Eller, Courtney Elm, Cecilia A. Larocca, Byungwoo Ryu, Izabela P. Panova, Beverley M. Dancy, Erin M. Bowers, David Meyers, Lisa Lareau, Philip A. Cole, Sean D. Taverna, Rhoda M. Alani Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 133, Issue 10, Pages 2444-2452 (October 2013) DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.187 Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Effect of p300 HAT inhibition on cancer cell proliferation. (a) 3H-thymidine uptake in melanoma cells treated for 24hours with 10μM C646, 10μM C37, or 0.1% DMSO. Boxed: B-raf wild-type; unboxed: B-raf(V600E). The data are normalized to DMSO. N=3; error bars: SD. (b) Cell cycle profiles of WM35, WM983B, and 1205Lu after 24hours of treatment. Right panel: %S phase normalized to DMSO. N=3. P-values were calculated from Student’s t-test. Representative histograms are shown in Supplementary Figure S3. (c) Data from the one-dose NCI-60 screen. Bars indicate growth percent (of each cell line)—mean growth percent (of all cell lines); smaller numbers correspond to greater growth inhibition. See Supplementary Figure S1, S2 online for details. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2444-2452DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.187) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Gene expression profiling of WM35 cells after p300 HAT inhibition. (a) Gene ontology (GO) analysis of genes that were repressed by ≥2-fold after 24hours of treatment with 20μM C646. The P-values represent the significance of the gene clustering. (b) qPCR validation of selected gene targets in WM35 and 1205Lu cells. The data were normalized to the DMSO control with GAPDH as the endogenous gene control. N≥3. (c) Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay followed by qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) analysis of acetylated H3 and p300 enrichment near the transcription start sites of selected genes. The data were normalized to total H3 ChIP; a GAPDH promoter sequence served as the endogenous control. N≥3. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2444-2452DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.187) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Expression of selected growth regulatory genes in C646-sensitive and -insensitive cell lines. (a) Western blot analyses of WM35, 1205Lu, and WM983B cells. Lanes 1–4 represent 24hours of treatment with 0.2% DMSO, 10μM C646, 20μM C646, and 20μM C37, respectively. (b) qPCR analysis of CCNA2 transcripts in WM35 and 1205Lu cells after 24hours of treatment. N≥3. Please note that the western blot antibody detects both CCNA1 and CCNA2, whereas the qPCR only detects CCNA2. (c) Relative expression of CCNA2 after small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, as determined by qRT–PCR. (d) Relative cell proliferation measured by the MTT assay 96hours after plating the siRNA-transfected cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2444-2452DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.187) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Analyses of WM35 cell phenotype after extended p300 inhibition. (a) FACS analysis of apoptotic cells after 3 and 5 days of treatment with C646 (20μM) or DMSO. The population in the lower right quadrant contains early apoptotic cells. The numbers represent the average % of apoptotic cells from three independent experiments±SD. P-values were derived from Student’s t-test. (b) Representative images of senescence-activated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining in WM35, WM902B, A375, and 1205Lu cells treated for 4d. Strong perinuclear staining is considered SA-β-gal positive. Bar=100μm. (c) Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) immunofluorescence staining for senescence detection of WM35 and WM902B cells. C646 treatment induced larger and flattened nucleoli, as well as more senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) formations compared with the DMSO treatment. It is noteworthy that DMSO-treated cells also showed basal levels of SAHF formation. Bar=10μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2444-2452DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.187) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 DNA damage response after p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibition. (a) Western blot of γH2AX in WM35 cells after 24hours of C646 treatment. (b) FACS analysis of TUNEL-stained cells after combination treatment with C646 and cisplatin. +/-: Presence/absence of a compound. N=3. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2444-2452DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.187) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions