The European Union.

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Presentation transcript:

The European Union

Timeline 1951: Treaty of Paris European Coal and Steel Community (France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, West Germany) Necessary materials for war 1957: Treaty of Rome European Economic Community (EEC) 1960s: French limiting power + UK (De Gaulle) 1973: UK, Denmark, Ireland enter 1981: Greece; 1986: Spain + Portugal 1987: Turkey applies 1993: Copenhagen Criteria: stable democracy which respects human rights and the rule of law; a functioning market economy capable of competition within the EU; and the acceptance of the obligations of membership, including EU law Waves of expansion (esp. post-Communist Eastern Europe) Four freedoms: movement goods, services, capital, people w/in single market 1998: European Central Bank (sets interest rates; monetary policy) 2002: Euro (common currency) in effect

1993: Maastricht Treaty European citizenship + process for Euro 3 Pillars system: European Communities (econ, social, environmental) Common Foreign and Security Policy Justice and Home Affairs ( Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters)

Supranationalism vs. Intergovernmentalism “The countries that make up the EU (its ‘member states’) remain independent sovereign nations but they pool their sovereignty in order to gain a strength and world influence none of them could have on their own.” Not US-style federalism, not merely confederation like UN Delegate decision-making to institutions so joint matters resolved “democratically” (non-demo Commission sets agenda)

Institutions European Parliament: represents EU citizens, directly elected Council of the EU: represents member states (ministers from gov’ts); by pop. but weighted to smaller states European Commission: independent of gov’ts (nominated by gov’ts, confirmed by Parliament); serves EU as whole; executive branch Court of Justice of the European Communities: citizens can appeal country’s rulings to EU Court (country laws must comply w/EU laws, Court interprets meaning; sim. US Supreme Court)

2004 European Constitution Failed referenda ratification withdrawn Oct. 2007: Treaty of Lisbon (Reform Treaty): more majority voting in Council, increase Parliament’s powers, abolish pillar system, EU legal personality (e.g. able sign treaties), foreign policy increasingly supranational Also opt-out clauses, no EU flag Effect 1 December 2009 (after 2nd Irish referendum)