From DNA to Proteins.

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Presentation transcript:

From DNA to Proteins

Why is DNA important? genetic information DNA contains __________________ and the instructions for making ________. proteins

PROTEINS???? Proteins are the workhorse of the cells. Hemoglobin Enzyme Hemoglobin Muscle Hair Hormones Antibodies

? How??? Cells use the instructions in DNA to make proteins. How do cells go from DNA to protein? DNA ? Protein

Where in the cell are proteins made? Proteins are made on __________ ribosomes which are found in the cytoplasm and attached to rough ER. ribosomes

DNA contains the instructions for making ________. proteins

Where in the cell is DNA stored? DNA is stored in the _________ in the form of _______________. nucleus chromosomes nucleus chromosomes

Never!!! DNA never ever leaves the nucleus! Does DNA travel outside the nucleus? Never!!! DNA never ever leaves the nucleus!

What is a gene? A gene is a section of DNA.

TRANSCRIPTION DNA mRNA nucleus ribosome copy of gene mRNA DNA mRNA exits the nucleus T A A G C C T G A C G C T A T T A T T C G G A C T G C G A T A A DNA gene (section of DNA)

TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DNA mRNA mRNA Protein protein nucleus mRNA attaches to ribosome DNA ribosome T A A G C C T G A C G C T A T T mRNA exits nucleus protein A T T C G G A C T G C G A T A A DNA A protein is made

TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DNA mRNA mRNA Protein protein nucleus mRNA attaches to ribosome DNA ribosome T A A G C C T G A C G C T A T T copy of gene mRNA exits nucleus mRNA mRNA A T T C G G A C T G C G A T A A DNA protein A protein is made gene (section of DNA)

The section of DNA (gene) that is copied is called ______________ or mRNA. messenger RNA mRNA carries instructions for making proteins to the ribosomes where proteins are assembled. DNA T A A G C C T G A C G C T ribosome mRNA A T T C G G A C T G C G A protein DNA gene

DNA never leaves the nucleus DNA never leaves the nucleus. Instead, the cell copies a section of DNA called a gene , sends the “copied gene” or mRNA out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm where it attaches to a ribosome to direct the assembly of a protein.

Protein synthesis involves two steps: ______________: DNA mRNA Transcription Translation mRNA protein