Making Proteins Transcription Translation

DNA & RNA are nucleic acids. DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. RNA is ribonucleic acid.

DNA RNA vs double stranded single stranded sugar = deoxyribose sugar = ribose adenine, thymine cytosine, guanine adenine, uracil cytosine, guanine A – T C - G A – U C - G T – A G - C U – A G - C

Protein synthesis involves two steps:   ______________: DNA mRNA Transcription Translation mRNA protein

TRANSCRIPTION DNA mRNA nucleus ribosome copy of gene mRNA DNA mRNA exits the nucleus T A A G C C T G A C G C T A T T A T T C G G A C T G C G A T A A DNA gene (section of DNA)

TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DNA mRNA mRNA Protein protein nucleus mRNA attaches to ribosome DNA ribosome T A A G C C T G A C G C T A T T mRNA exits nucleus protein A T T C G G A C T G C G A T A A DNA A protein is made

TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DNA mRNA mRNA Protein protein nucleus mRNA attaches to ribosome DNA ribosome T A A G C C T G A C G C T A T T copy of gene mRNA exits nucleus mRNA mRNA A T T C G G A C T G C G A T A A DNA protein A protein is made gene (section of DNA)

Perform DNA transcription G A C --- A C T G

Perform DNA replication G A C --- A --- A C T G --- C --- --- U --- --- A --- --- --- G --- U --- --- --- C --- --- A mRNA

Transcription mRNA A copy of a gene

codon mRNA --- U U G G U U A G G U G G C U A A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA codon mRNA --- U U G G U U A G G U G G C U A codon codon codon codon codon

The codons on mRNA code for amino acids mRNA ---U U G G U U A G G U G G Leucine alanine glycine valine

codons

tRNA What is this?

Amino acid What is this?

mRNA What is this?

protein What is this?

Codon What is this?

What is occurring here? Making a protein