SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Hyperspectral Sensors Calibration, Operation and Maintenance Jens Nieke, Daniel Schläpfer, Francesco Dell'Endice, Klaus Itten (RSL) Koen Meuleman (VITO) Michael Schaepman (WUR)

SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Introduction Calibration (cal/val) activities: –Pre-launch (laboratory), in-flight and vicarious calibration, validation –Spectral, radiometric, spatial calibration –Higher product validation

SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Introduction Operations & Services: –Spaceborne sensors: ESA operations center ESRIN (e.g., CHRIS) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): EROS data center (e.g., HYPERION) –Airborne sensors: Vito, DLR, INTA, … Maintenance : –Spaceborne sensors: no maintenance required –Airborne sensors: frequent maintenance recommended (combined with re-calibration activities)

SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Hyperspectral Sensors –Methodology of Sensor Calibration Calibration of HYPERION / CHRIS –Pre-launch (TRW / SIRA) –Products: L1B, geocorrected –Calval not coordinated (except of WS) Calibration of HYMAP –Pre-flight (however no visibility of calibration procedures) –Calval not coordinated –Validation Techniques at reference site Gilching

SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Hyperspectral Sensors –Operations Boundary conditions Operations of HYPERION/ CHRIS –Dedicated data facilities (USGS/ESRIN) –Request via help desks / web »FAST DATA DELIVERY! Operations of Airborne Sensors (Vito, DLR, INTA..) –Call for Requests (long preparation time) –Availability of sensor/aircraft (summer season) »FEW months for data delivery Maintenance of (airborne) sensors –Methods (cleaning lenses?) –Techniques (spare part services)

SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Examples Operational spaceborne sensors, with open calibration record and exemplary cal/val activities: –MODIS and SeaWiFS Best documented data descriptions and open data distribution policy (extraordinary funding resources are available). –MERIS Well documented data restricted to a selection of data products due to funding limitations.

SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Examples Operations of MIVIS: The instrument was delivered as commercial off-the shelf solution, without visibility to the internal preprocessing. Scientific usability is restricted due to: –Unknown radiometric calibration stability/accuracy –Undocumented on-board processing routines (and no ability to switch off on-board processing).

SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Examples Operations of AVIRIS: for about 15 years, a team of ~10 people provided upgrades and calibration to the instrument. Calibration results were published in workshop proceedings. High scientific value because of… … very well known and accepted accuracy of the instrument. Open information and generous data policy.

SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Developments Example: APEX calibration methodology (SPIE paper*) * Nieke, Kaiser, Schläpfer, Brazile, Itten, Strobl, Schaepman, Ulbrich, SPIE Vol (2004)

SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Developments Example: APEX calibration methodology (SPIE paper*) * Nieke, Kaiser, Schläpfer, Brazile, Itten, Strobl, Schaepman, Ulbrich, SPIE Vol (2004) APEX-IFC APEX-CHB

SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Developments Challenges: (1) meeting the accuracy requirements of the user community, (2) the lack of standard methodologies for calibration and validation of hyperspectral methods and products, and (3) reliable (comparable) higher-level data products. Needs: -The introduction of standard methods and processing schemes -Hyperspectral data with known performance and error propagation -More efforts on data pre-processing, including ortho-rectification, atmospheric corrections and in-flight calibration. => Standard methods and processing schemes will also allow to compare higher-level data products in a better way.

SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Discussion Points Open Qs: –What are the minimum calibration requirements of end users? –Are the end users willing to pay more for better knowledge of calibration issues? –Who is able to provide independent system performance validation? –Is there a bigger market for cost-effective off-the shelf instruments (with less calibration information) ?

SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Discussion Points Calibration of latest-generation hyperspectral sensors clearly requires new technological efforts: –Software: the complexity of data processing algorithms has created the need for improved computing infrastructure, and implies stronger requirements on memory/storage issues as well as advanced downlink and data transmission strategies. –Hardware: low-weight and low-power integrated components, along with calibration sources and fast electronics, are mandatory to reduce payload, data transmission overheads and satisfy other requirements in many planned and future Earth observing missions. –Reliable CalVal requires operational data retrieval (CalVal sites, ground-truth data) and processing.

SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Discussion Points Operations & Services of latest-generation hyperspectral sensors clearly requires further efforts: –Fast delivery –User support –Additional data: quality flags, 3rd party data (ECMWF) –Further services: add-on modules, hotline –Automatic chain for standard products –Flexible exchange of research product codes

SWOT and User Needs Workshop, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 5-6 July 2006 HYRESSA - HYperspectral REmote Sensing in Europe specific Support Actions Discussion Points Maintenance of latest-generation hyperspectral sensors clearly requires further efforts: –On-board data processing capabilities and programmability, –Standardization of laboratory calibration procedures, –Streamlined cross-calibration procedures for validation, –Sensor stability between calibration.