Demonstration of e.City Gold Electric Bus in the Autonomous Region of Madeira CIVITAS Forum 2018 21 September 2018, Umeå, Sweden GRIM ROOM Fábio Pereira, AREAM Good morning I´m Fábio. I´m from AREAM This demonstration the presentation will address

Demonstration programme and specifications of electric bus During one month, the bus was in operation in 10 different passenger transport services of three public transport operators of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, two in operation in Madeira and one in Porto Santo. Methodology For each test, data was collected on the battery’s state of charge (as a percentage of battery charge available), kilometres covered and the altitude. Use of slow charger of 11kW.The charging was performed 40% during the day (between morning and afternoon service) and 60% overnight. The performance of the electric bus was evaluated and compared to a diesel-run bus and to a natural gas-run bus. Specifications of electric bus (e.city Gold- Caetanobus) Low-floor, 12m, 88 passenger, 160kW - 1500 Nm (nominal torque)- 2500 Nm (peak torque) 85 kWh (LTO -Lithium Titanate Oxide) Civitas Forum 2018• 21-09-2018 • Umeå

Difference in altitude (m) Energy consumption (kWh/km) Results of demonstration Bus performance in some services and in comparison with diesel and natural gas technologies Service Difference in altitude (m) Energy consumption (kWh/km) CO2 emissions (g/km) Electric Diesel CNG Aerobus 331 1,02 4,62 6,47 451 1234 1307 Porto Santo 166 0,74 7,2 10,1 396 1919 2033 Monte 620 1,43 7,33 10,26 634 1957 2073 Ponta da Cruz 65 0,91 6,25 8,75 394 1669 1768 Civitas Forum 2018• 21-09-2018 • Umeå

Accumulated investment, energy and maintenance costs Financial analysis - plug-in charging (day and overnight) Accumulated costs and savings during 20 years – Route 2 -Ponta da Cruz - Scenario without grant   Year Accumulated investment, energy and maintenance costs Accumulated savings Electric Bus CNG Bus Diesel Bus Electric Bus compared to Diesel CNG Bus compared to Diesel Electric Bus compared to CNG 465 000 € 365 000 € 230 000 € -235 000 € -135 000 € -100 000 € 1 473 754 € 392 200 € 267 936 € -205 818 € -124 264 € -81 555 € 2 482 509 € 419 399 € 305 872 € -176 637 € -113 527 € -63 110 € 3 491 263 € 446 599 € 343 808 € -147 455 € -102 791 € -44 664 € 4 500 018 € 473 799 € 381 744 € -118 273 € -92 054 € -26 219 € 5 508 772 € 500 998 € 419 680 € -89 092 € -81 318 € -7 774 € 6 521 427 € 535 398 € 463 616 € -57 810 € -71 781 € 13 971 € 7 534 081 € 569 797 € 507 552 € -26 529 € -62 245 € 35 716 € 8 546 736 € 604 197 € 551 489 € 4 753 € -52 708 € 57 462 € 9 559 390 € 638 597 € 595 425 € 36 035 € -43 172 € 79 207 € 10 572 044 € 672 996 € 639 361 € 67 316 € -33 636 € 100 952 € 11 635 999 € 709 796 € 685 297 € 49 298 €* -24 499 € 73 797 € (…) …… ….. 20 761 589 € 1 040 993 € 1 098 721 € 337 133 € 57 729 € 279 404 € * Year of purchase of new battery pack (50 000Eur)

Accumulated investment, energy and maintenance costs Financial analysis - plug-in charging (day and overnight) Accumulated costs and savings during 20 years - Route 2 Ponta da Cruz - Scenario with grant*   Year Accumulated investment, energy and maintenance costs Accumulated savings Electric Bus CNG Bus Diesel Bus Electric Bus compared to Diesel CNG Bus compared to Diesel Electric Bus compared to CNG 265 250 € 250 250 € 230 000 € -35 250 € -20 250 € -15 000 € 1 274 004 € 277 450 € 267 936 € -6 068 € -9 514 € 3 445 € 2 282 759 € 304 649 € 305 872 € 23 113 € 1 223 € 21 890 € 3 291 513 € 331 849 € 343 808 € 52 295 € 11 959 € 40 336 € 4 300 268 € 359 049 € 381 744 € 81 477 € 22 696 € 58 781 € 5 309 022 € 386 248 € 419 680 € 110 658 € 33 432 € 77 226 € 6 321 677 € 420 648 € 463 616 € 141 940 € 42 969 € 98 971 € 7 334 331 € 455 047 € 507 552 € 173 221 € 52 505 € 120 716 € 8 346 986 € 489 447 € 551 489 € 204 503 € 62 042 € 142 462 € 9 359 640 € 523 847 € 595 425 € 235 785 € 71 578 € 164 207 € 10 372 294 € 558 246 € 639 361 € 267 066 € 81 114 € 185 952 € 11 436 249 € 595 046 € 685 297 € 249 048 €** 90 251 € 158 797 € (…) …… 20 561 839 € 926 243 € 1 098 721 € 536 883 € 172 479 € 364 404 € * 85% of non-refundable grant calculated on overcost of alternative bus against conventional bus (diesel) ** Year of purchase of new battery pack (50 000Eur) Civitas Forum 2018• 21-09-2018 • Umeå

Environmental analysis Comparison of avoided emissions during 20 years between the three technologies   Technology Ponta da Cruz Monte CO2 (t) NOx (kg) PM Emissions Electric Bus compared to Diesel Bus 1 330 5 496 123 1 413 6 349 110 CNG Bus compared to Diesel Bus -99 2 126 153 -116 2 499 160 Electric Bus compared to CNG Bus 1429 3 370 -29 1529 3 850 -50 It is worthy to note that the electric bus does not emit atmospheric emissions in an urban environment and has a positive impact in improving the air quality and public health of cities, in addition to producing less noise. Civitas Forum 2018• 21-09-2018 • Umeå

Adaptation to the Autonomous Region of Madeira Strong points Maximum torque as soon as acceleration occurs. Smooth acceleration. Easy battery charging procedure. Points to improve Increase approach and departure angles. Adapt the bus dimensions to some services. Increase the power and torque for more demanding services. Ensure diverse compatibility of battery charging system with other available systems (charging by pantograph or by cable). Civitas Forum 2018• 21-09-2018 • Umeå

E.Charging systems solutions for electric buses Font: Pictures Siemens Opportunity charging (end-stop of the route) 150-450 kW Plug-in charging (station, charging overnight) 60-80 kW Plug-in charging (station, during the day, between peak hours) 100-150 kW Manual (needs human intervention) On end-stop (as a measure of precaution, it is necessary to have two pantographs) Civitas Forum 2018• 21-09-2018 • Umeå

Plug-in charging (overnight) (7:00- 9:30 AM; 12:30-14 PM: 30; 17: 30-20:00 AM); Note: In order to make the most of the slow charging at the station, one should take advantage of the empty and super-empty hours. 55% of pantograph charging 45% of plug-in charging Considering only pantograph charging costs Annual energy costs of two routes - 5 electric buses Opp charging for two routes (daily charging, without night charging with plug-in charging)- 5 buses (Energy: 36 000 € (245 GWh ) Power transformation station maintenance: 3 600€ Exploration: 130 € Maintenance: 16 920 € Total cost: 57 299€ (0,23€/kWh) Diesel buses for the same service kilometers Energy costs: 91 185€ Comparison between energy costs (electricity vs diesel) -33 886 € -37% Plug-in charging (overnight) Energy costs: Electric Bus Diesel Bus Opportunity charging 57 299 € (0,23€/kWh) 216 883 € Plug-in charging (overnight) 15 872 € (0,082€/kWh) Total costs 73 171 € Reduction of costs between electric and diesel bus -66,26% Civitas Forum 2018• 21-09-2018 • Umeå

Accumulated investment, energy and maintenance costs Financial analysis Accumulated costs and savings during 20 years – Route 2- Scenario without grant   Year Accumulated investment, energy and maintenance costs Accumulated savings Electric Bus CNG Bus Diesel Bus Electric Bus compared to Diesel CNG Bus compared to Diesel Electric Bus compared to CNG 425 000 € 365 000 € 230 000 € -195 000 € -135 000 € -60 000 € 1 437 515 € 392 200 € 267 936 € -169 579 € -124 264 € -45 315 € 2 450 030 € 419 399 € 305 872 € -144 158 € -113 527 € -30 630 € 3 462 544 € 446 599 € 343 808 € -118 736 € -102 791 € -15 946 € 4 475 059 € 473 799 € 381 744 € -93 315 € -92 054 € -1 261 € 5 487 574 € 500 998 € 419 680 € -67 894 € -81 318 € 13 424 € 6 503 989 € 535 398 € 463 616 € -40 373 € -71 781 € 31 409 € 7 520 404 € 569 797 € 507 552 € -12 851 € -62 245 € 49 394 € 8 536 819 € 604 197 € 551 489 € 14 670 € -52 708 € 67 378 € 9 553 233 € 638 597 € 595 425 € 42 191 € -43 172 € 85 363 € 10 569 648 €* 672 996 € 639 361 € 69 712 € -33 636 € 103 348 € 11 637 363 € 709 796 € 685 297 € 47 934 €* -24 499 € 72 433 € (…) …… ….. 20 796 796 € 1 040 993 € 1 098 721 € 301 925 € 57 729 € 244 196 € For 50000 km/year per bus 55% of pantongraph charging 45% of plug-in charging The cost of purchasing and installing the two pantographs shall be of the responsibility of the operator of the public charging station. These systems can be financed by regional operational funds. * Year of purchase of battery pack (50 000Eur)

Conclusions The demonstration revealed that the electric bus is technically feasible and cost-effective and environmentally advantageous in relation to diesel and natural gas. The planned services were well performed by the bus, presenting appropriate power and torque for the required demand level. The electric bus, compared to the diesel bus, achieved an 86% saving in energy costs (around 50 Eur/100km) and a 75% reduction in CO2 emissions. In the 20 year analysis with plug-in charging (overnight), in a scenario without a grant, the electric bus becomes more economically advantageous compared to the diesel bus, starting from the 8th year, at 2017 prices. In the 20 year analysis with plug-in charging and opportunity charging, the electric bus becomes more economically advantageous compared to the diesel bus, starting from the 8th year, at 2017 prices. End-stop charging in the local context will be the most viable option for better quality of public transport operator service. Standardization of opportunity charging and plug-in charging is required for compatibility with electric buses and battery manufacturers. Civitas Forum 2018• 21-09-2018 • Umeå

e.City Gold electric bus experience in Madeira and Porto Santo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjpQno5Gank (short version) Click to download the “Electric bus report-EN” Pilot test video Civitas Forum 2018• 21-09-2018 • Umeå

Thank you! Fábio Pereira Contact Details AREAM www.aream.pt fabiopereira@aream.pt http://www.civitas.eu