Climate Dynamics 11:670:461 Alan Robock robock@envsci.rutgers.edu Lecture 11, 10/14/13 Climate Dynamics 11:670:461 Alan Robock Department of Environmental Sciences Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA robock@envsci.rutgers.edu http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~robock

A thermally direct circulation Fig. 7.1

Annual mean, zonal mean meridional (m/s) and vertical velocities (interval 5 x 10-3 Pa/s) Fig. 7.2

Zonal mean stream function (x 1010 kg/s), positive is clockwise. Fig. 7.3

http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7p.html

http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7p.html

http://www.geogonline.org.uk/g3a_ki2.1.htm

http://www. personal. psu http://www.personal.psu.edu/czn115/blogs/meteo241/2010/10/e-portfolio-2.html

Surface currents relative to surface winds. Fig. 8.1

Ekman spiral in the Northern Hemisphere Fig. 8.2

Percent oxygen saturation (lower values = older water) Atlantic, 34.5ºN Depth (m) Percent oxygen saturation (lower values = older water) Pacific, 180ºW Depth (m) Fig. 8.4