ATOC 4720: class 43: Final review (continue)

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Presentation transcript:

ATOC 4720: class 43: Final review (continue)

17. Equations of motion ( )

18. Scale analysis In the free atmosphere, friction is negliginle, and thus a=0. Observed scales: U: 20m/s; T: days, S At middle latitude;

[1] [2]? [3] [1] [3] Term [3] >> [1]; So can be neglected;

19. Geostrophic balance & effects of friction Northern Hemisphere (NH): y L H CF PGF P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 x

Frictional convergence toward the low pressure! Important! In PBL, friction is important. V cross the isobars! V cross isobars!! Frictional convergence toward the low pressure! Important!

20. Thermally-driven circulation in the tropics: Hadley cells (ITCZ)

Monsoon

Mid-latitude baroclinic waves: thermally direct: warm air rises, cold air sinks. Thermal wind relation: GEOSTROPHIC WIND SHEAR Is maintained by horizontal temperture gradients.