Intelligent Critiquing of Design Sketches 2004 AAAI Fall Symposium Making Pen-Based Interaction Intelligent and Natural Intelligent Critiquing of Design Sketches Yeonjoo Oh, Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Mark D Gross Computational Design Lab, School of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon University

Outline 1. Motivation 2. Related Work 3. Design Evaluator 4. Discussion 2

Motivation Why do designers draw? - Reflection-in-Action (Schön & Wiggins 1985) : seeing-moving-seeing cycle - Restructuring & Emergence (Verstijinen 2001) : see another interpretation or alternative - Visual Thinking and Imagery (Goldschmidt 1991) : Seeing as & Seeing that 3

Visual Reasoning Architect Steven Holl’s Drawings 4

Design Critiques Desk Crits : Reviewers (reframe design problem) : Student (transfer/ restructure) 5

Related Work Critiquing System : Offer feedback on design Sketch Design : Capture freehand drawing 6

Related Work Design Critiquing Systems - KID (Kitchen Design) Fischer & Nakakoji et al. 1993 - Petri-NED (Petri-Net) Stolze 1994 7

Related Work Design Critiquing Systems - FORNAX (Architectural drawings) novaMSC 8

Related Work Sketch Design - SILK (GUI design) Landay & Myers 1995 - ASSIST (Mechanical device design) Davis et al 2002 9

Related Work Sketch Design - Electronic Cocktail Napkin (Design platform) Gross & Do 1996 - COAs (Military action design) Forbus, Usher & Chapman 2004 10

Design Evaluator Components Two example domains - Sketch interface - Domain knowledge [Critiques] - Presentation of advice Two example domains - Architectural floor plan (Hospital) - Web page layout 11

Design Evaluator Overview Description Layer Evaluation Visualization Records and identifies - Captures and parses Compares sketches against predicates Generates design critiques Displays critiques 12

Hospital Design 13

Description Layer Hospital floor plan diagram Zones, rooms, and doors 14

Description Layer Interconnected objects 15

Evaluation Layer Rules coded as Lisp predicates (SHOULD-BE-ADJACENT SURGERY EMERGENCY-ROOM) (MUST-PASS-THROUGH ENTRANCE TRIAGE ER) Architectural floor plan rules : Room Placement (Zoning) : Adjacency : Room Sequence : Minimum Area Architectural Floor Plan 16

Evaluation Layer Room Placement (Zoning) Adjacency –Circulation path (MUST-BE-IN Clinical-Zone (DAYWARD TRIAGE SURGERY …)) Adjacency –Circulation path (SHOULD-BE-ADJACENT ER INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT) Architectural Floor Plan 17

Evaluation Layer Room Sequence Minimum Area (MINIMUM-AREA WARD 10000) (MUST-PASS-THROUGH ENTRANCE TRIAGE ER) Minimum Area (MINIMUM-AREA WARD 10000) Architectural Floor Plan 18

Visualization Layer Verbal Critiques (text) Architectural Floor Plan 19

Visualization Layer Graphical Annotation Architectural Floor Plan 20

Visualization Layer 3D Mock-up of Sketch Design Architectural Floor Plan 21

Web page layout design 22

Screen, panels, images, texts Description Layer Web Page Layout Screen, panels, images, texts Web Page Layout 23

Evaluation Layer Web Layout Rules (Nielson 2000, Ivory 2002) (MAX-RATIO IMAGES-AREA SCREEN-AREA 50) - Number of Images - Content Hierarchy - Image-Text Ratio - Color Scheme - Text – Background Web Page Layout 24

Visualization Layer Textual Critiques Graphical Annotation / Example Web Page Web Page Layout 25

Discussion - Early design critiquing + freehand sketch - Stimulate thinking, explore alternatives - Integrate knowledge-based tools into design - Critiques directly on drawing & various formats - Design constraints  spatially expressed rules 26

Future Work Rules Domains - more sophisticated design rules - express rules graphically Domains - geometry and elementary physics 27

Design Evaluator Yeonjoo Oh, Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Mark D Gross School of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon University 28