Charging Things Up 4.1.1 Elementary Charge.

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Presentation transcript:

Charging Things Up 4.1.1 Elementary Charge

Atomic Structure Review Matter is made up of small structures called ATOMS Within the NUCLEUS are two types of NUCLEONS At the center of each atom is a NUCLEUS Orbiting the NUCLEUS are ELECTRONS ELECTRONS NEGATIVE charge Orbit nucleus PROTONS NEUTRONS POSITIVE CHARGE DO NOT MOVE WITHIN MATTER NO CHARGE – NEUTRAL DO NOT MOVE WITHIN MATTER

Definitions charge: a fundamental property of matter measured in COULOMBS or ELEMENTARY CHARGE charge on an object is carried by particles Electron -1.6 x 10-19 coulombs -1e Proton +1.6 x 10-19 coulombs +1e

+ - Charged Objects Objects are normally electrically NEUTRAL. They have the same number of protons and electrons If an object loses electrons, it becomes POSITIVELY charged If an object gains electrons, it becomes NEGATIVELY charged + - LACK OF ELECTRONS EXCESS ELECTRONS

This plate is neutral – number of protons = number of electrons Charged Objects Because objects can only gain or lose electrons, the only charges that are allowed are multiples of the ELEMENTARY CHARGE This plate is neutral – number of protons = number of electrons If the plate loses two electrons If the plate loses one electron If the plate loses three electrons Its charge becomes… Its charge becomes… Its charge becomes… +3 e Or +4.8 x 10-19 Coulombs +2 e Or +3.2 x 10-19 Coulombs +1e Or +1.6 x 10-19 Coulombs The plate has a LACK OF ELECTRONS +3 Elementary Charges +1 Elementary Charge +2 Elementary Charges

Example #1 An object has three excess electrons. What is its “elementary charge”? What is its charge in coulombs? -3e q = -3e x (1.6 x 10-19 C)/e = -4.8 x 10-19 C

Example #2 An object has 75 protons and 65 electrons What is its “elementary charge”? What is its charge in coulombs? +10 e q = +10e x (1.6 x 10-19 C)/e = +16 x 10-19 C

Law of Conservation of Charge The total amount of charge in a closed system remains constant – charge is not created or destroyed, it only moves from one object to another Charge “moves” as a result of ELECTRON movement ONLY!!!

The TOTAL CHARGE remains the SAME!!! Example #3 A metal sphere with two excess electrons touches a neutral metal sphere and then taken away. What do you predict the charge on each sphere will be after they make contact? What is the total charge on both spheres after they come in contact? -1e or -1.6 x 10-19 C -2e or -3.2 x 10-19 C The TOTAL CHARGE remains the SAME!!!

End of 5.1.1 - PRACTICE