Figure 8.1 Partial genetic map of E. Coli. Reproduced with permission from Stent, G. S., and Calendar, R. Molecular Genetics: An Introductory Narrative. San Francisco: Freeman, 1978, 289; modified from Bachmann, B. J., Low, K. B., and Taylor, A. L. Bacteriol. Rev.40:116, 1976.. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.2 Lactose operon of E. coli. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.3 Control of lactose operon. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.4 Nucleotide sequence of control elements of lactose operon. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.5 Redrawn from Epstein, W., Naono, S., and Gros, F. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 24: 588, 1966. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.6 Control of lacP bycAMP. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.7 Genes of tryptophan operon of E. coli. Described in Yanofsky, C. Trends in Genet. 20: 367, 2004. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.8 Nucleotide sequence of control elements of tryptophan operon. Redrawn with permission from Oxender, D.L., Zurawski, G., and Yanofsky, C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 5524, 1979. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.9 Nucleotide sequence of leader RNA from tryptophan operon. Redrawn with permission from Oxender, D.L., Zurawski, G., and Yanofsky, C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 5524, 1979. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.10 Schematic model for attenuation in the typtophan operon of E. coli. Reproduced with permission from Oxender, D. L., Zurawski, G., and Yanofsky, C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.USA 76: 5524, 1979. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.11 Leader peptide sequences specified by biosynthetic operons of E. coli. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.12 Operons containing genes for E. coli ribosomal proteins. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.13 Self-regulation of ribosomal-protein synthesis. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.14 Stringent control of protein synthesis in E. coli. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.15 General structure of transposons.. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.16 Functional components of the transposon Tn3. Redrawn from Cohen, S. N., and Shapiro, J. A. Sci. Amer. 242:40, 1980. W. H. Freeman and Company, Copyright © 1980.. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.17 Access to specific sequences in major and minor groove of the DNA depends upon nucleosome positioning. Redrawn from Wolffe, A. P. Chromatin: Structure and Function, 3d ed.: New York: Academic Press, 1998. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.18 Strength of histone DNA association is modified by acetylation of lysine residues in the N-terminus of histone proteins. Redrawn from Wolffe, A. P. The cancer-chromatin connection. Sci. and Med. 6:28, 1999.. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.19 The most common methylated base in humans is 5-mthylcytosine. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.20 Methylation of DNA leads to gene activity. Redrawn after Alberts, B., Bray, D., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., and Watson, J. Molecular Biology of the Cell. New York: Garland, 1994. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.21 The TATA-binding protein (TBP) has been co-crystallized with DNA. Figure reproduced with permission from Voet, D., Voet, J., and Pratt, C. W. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. New York: Wiley, 1999. © (1999) John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.22 Formation of the initiation for genes transcribed by RNA polymerase H is ordered. Redrawn from Voet, D., Voet, J., and Pratt, C. W. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. New York: Wiley, 1999. © (1999) Wiley. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.23 DNA sequences in genes transcribed in eukaryotes typically contain a TATA box, and they may contain a CAAT box, GC boxes, and multiple transcription factor binding sites. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.24 Helix-turn-helix proteins use one helix to bind in the major groove while the other supports that binding through hydrophobic interaction. Redrawn from Alberts, B., Bray, D., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., and Watson, J. Molecular Biology of the Cell. New York: Garland, 1994. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.25 Two different Zn finger motifs are found in transcription factors. (a) Reproduced with permission from Voet, D., and Voet, J. G. Biochemistry, 2d ed. New York: Wiley, 1995. © (1995) John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Part (b) and (c) generously supplied by C. Pabo, M.I.T. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.26 Leucine zipper proteins bind to DNA as dimers. Modified from Alberts, B., Bray, D., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., and Watson, J. Molecular Biology of the Cell. New York: Garland, 1994. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.27 Transcription factor dimer formation is mediated through helix loop helix interactions. Modified from Alberts, B., Bray, D., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., and Watson, J. Molecular Biology of the Cell. New York: Garland, 1994. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.28 A schematic of the LDL receptor gene promotor. Modified from Goldstein, J. L., and Brown, M. S. Regulation of the mevalonate pathway. Nature 343:425, 1990. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.29 SREBP is released from a membrane-bound precursor by protease action. Modified from Brown, M. S., Ye, J., Rawson, R. B., and Goldstein, J. L. Regulated intermembrane proteolysis: A control mechanism conserved from bacteria to humans. Cell 100:391, 2000. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 8.30 LDL receptor gene is activated through coordinate effect of several transcription factors. Modified from Naar, A. M., Ryu, S., and Tijian, R. Cofactor requirements for transcriptional activation by Sp1. Cold Spring Harbor Sym. Quant. Biol. 63:189, 1998. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.