Chapter 13 The Roaring Twenties

Fashion Flappers short sleek hair Short dresses make-up exposed their legs in public Smoked cigarettes in long holders enjoyed doing the Charleston, in the jazz clubs

19th Amendment=women’s right to vote Many women did NOT vote because: Felt uncomfortable voting had little interest in politics Could not leave children to go vote Thought it would make them too masculine (like men)

Jeannette Rankin 1st woman in Congress.

Very little changed for women in the 1920s Still faced discrimination in school and work Still made less money than men Still have fewer rights

Looking for Heroes Some Americans did NOT like all the changes in the U.S. looked for heroes that represented old-fashioned American virtues (values)

Charles Lindbergh flew the Spirit of St. Lewis from New York to Paris 1st person to fly nonstop across the Atlantic American hero

Amelia Earhart first female aviator to cross the Atlantic first woman to fly solo disappeared in the Pacific Ocean1937 trying to be the first woman to fly around the world

Red Grange one of the greatest football players of all time became known as the Galloping Ghost scored five touchdowns on his first five carries in one game

Babe Ruth One of the greatest sluggers in baseball history record of 714 regular-season home runs wasn't broken until 1974 by Hank Aaron BASEBALL was American’s favorite sport in the 1920s.

Gertrude Ederle first woman to swim the English Channel

Growth of Hollywood Made people across the country adopt a more national culture Mass media provided print (newspaper), film and a broadcast of information to the whole country Advertising grew.

Silent movies became "talkies" when sound was finally added Silent movies became "talkies" when sound was finally added. Charlie Chaplin, the Little Tramp, was one of the most famous stars in motion-picture history.

The main form of entertainment was listening to the radio The main form of entertainment was listening to the radio. Entire families would gather around the radio and listen to the popular shows. Entertainment

Magazines and Newspapers Fashions, scandals, and trends were found in the newspapers and magazines. Advertising hits a new high during this period of time.

Advertisements of the 1920s

African Americans in the 1920s African Americans moved to cities during the GREAT MIGRATION. They were looking to get away from the Jim Crow laws of the South and the violence. When they went North to find work and peace, their culture followed them. The lively music called Jazz moved from the South to Northern cities like Chicago and Manhattan.

Jazz Age Jazz could be heard in clubs such as the Cotton Club Jelly Roll Morton Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington

Bessie Smith was the greatest and most influential classic blues singer of the 1920s.  During her heyday, she earned upwards of $2000 per week, a queenly sum in the 20s.

In the early 1920s, Louis Armstrong became popular In the early 1920s, Louis Armstrong became popular. It was in Chicago that he initiated his "scat" singing -- singing nonsense syllables in place of words and vocally simulating instrumental sound.

The series of steps are thought to have originated with the African-Americans who were living on a small island near Charleston, South Carolina. In the 1920's, women who did the Charleston were called "Flappers" because of the way they would flap their arms and walk like birds while doing the Charleston. The Charleston

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was one of the great writers of the Jazz Age. The publication of his novel, This Side of Paradise, made him famous overnight.

Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance was an explosion of African American culture not only of music but writers and artists James Weldon Johnson Zora Neale Hurston Claude McKay Langston Hughes

African American urbanization Violence grew towards African Americans as they attempted to find jobs and cities became overcrowded (race riots) The worse riots occurred in Chicago Hate groups grew and the KKK returned

The KKK, American Politics and Society in the 1920s The 1920s Klan was a national organization, strong not only in the South but also in states like Indiana (Midwest), Colorado (West) and Oregon (Pacific Coast). Its aims were not only to preserve white rule but also to express hostility to Catholics, Jews and immigrant groups. The Klan also was involved in attempting to combat some of the modern cultural trends of the twenties.

Goals of Prohibition Stop drunken behavior and violence Stop immoral behavior of gambling and prostitution Increase job performance Volstead Act enforced 18th Amendment but many big cities ignored the law and the amendment

Crime increased: Bootlegging Smuggling Prescriptions Speakeasies

Gangsters profited during this decade by smuggling alcohol and distributing it to different illegal businesses. Al Capone from Chicago was one of these gangsters. He made $105 million a year smuggling alcohol.

FUNDAMENTALISM increased William Jennings Bryan was a fundamentalist. He believed that Darwin's theory evolution would make the people turn their backs on God and possibly make the U.S. a communist country. Many states made it illegal to teach evolution in classrooms.

John T. Scopes and the Monkey Trials Tennessee wanted to test the law so they put out an ad for anyone who would teach evolution in the classroom John Scopes was the first person to respond He was arrested and charged with illegally teaching the theory of evolution The nation listened out for the verdict in what the press called the “Monkey Trial.” Found guilty and fined $100. Supreme Court overturned decision based on technicality.

Marcus Garvey and Garveyism One response to racism was to call for African-American nationalism. In the 1920s, Marcus Garvey led a movement officially known as the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) that stressed the need to separate from white society and relate to the peoples of Africa. Common name was “Back to Africa” Movement

Marcus Garvey collected $10 million for the Black Star Line, a steamship company that he founded to carry members of his organization Back to Africa. Idea was to take Africa back from colonial Europeans He was imprisoned for mail fraud due to corruption in the business Sentence was commuted by Pres. Calvin Coolidge and deported to Jamaica.

The 1920's were a prosperous time known as the Roaring Twenties, the Jazz Age, and the Age of Wonderful Nonsense.