Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards
Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
Oceanic Basalt Shield Cones
Thin, Dense, HOT, Basalt Lava
Aa and Pahoehoe
Hot basalt will melt almost anything….
…or burn anything !
repeat….anything !
And bury what it does not burn.
Basalt over the road (and everything else)
All lavas contain volatiles
Basalt Fire Fountain
Mauna Loa on a normal day
Mauna Loa VOG
Acid Haze or LAZE from Kilauea
CO2 asphyxiation
LAZE
Composite Cone Anatomy
Mount Mayon Volcano in the Philippines
Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines on June 15, 1991
May 18, 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens
Collapsing Lava Dome
Mount Pelée, Martinique (Caribbeans), May 1902
Fiery Cloud
Tephra - Volcanic Ash
Tephra - Volcanic Blocks
Tephra - Volcanic Bombs
Cinder Cone
Structures Collapse and/or are Buried
Machinary Abraded
Power Systems Destroyed
Water Systems and Waste Water Drainage Clogged
Mount Rainer WA - the beginning of a Lahar
Add Rain = Lahar
Buries Homes
Buries Whole Communities
Clogs Waterways
Impact Flatten Structure
Mt Vesuvius, Italy - Pompeii, a Hot Lahar