Cycling of Matter & the Climate System

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Presentation transcript:

Cycling of Matter & the Climate System

Biogeochemical Cycle The natural process of circulation of matter where matter and energy are exchanged between the abiotic and biotic environment and back… Places where matter is stored for longer periods are called stores (also called reservoirs). Human activities alter the natural cycle.

Carbon Cycle & Climate Change Major stores of carbon on earth: Marine sediments and sedimentary rock Millions / billions of years Oceans 500 – 1000 years Fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) Hundreds / millions of years Vegetation, soil, organic matter 5 – 25 years Atmosphere 50 – 500 years

Carbon cycle

Global Carbon Budget The relative amounts of carbon in different stores An accounting of the exchanges (incomes and losses) of carbon between the stores of the carbon cycle

How Human Activities Affect the Carbon Cycle By changing the relative amounts of carbon in each store and the length of time the carbon remains in each store (eg. burning fossil fuels) Releases more carbon compounds in a shorter time Leads to a build-up in the atmosphere (negative feedback loop) Oceans absorb more CO2 This causes oceans to become warmer and more acidic, which then decreases their ability to absorb CO2 (positive feedback loop)

Nitrogen Cycle & Climate Change Recall: NITROGEN FIXATION Process by which atmospheric nitrogen in converted into usable forms (nitrates) for organisms Lightning Bacteria

How Humans Affect the Nitrogen Cycle

How Humans Affect the Nitrogen Cycle Humans affect the nitrogen cycle through the addition of nitrogen to the land (agriculture) fertilizers water (water pollution) fertilizer runoff, algae, ocean “dead zones” the atmosphere (air pollution) ammonia (NH3) creating smog, greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), etc…

Reducing the Effect of Nitrogen on Climate Change Less fertilizer use Precision farming Satellites and GIS determine exact locations that require fertilizers WORK: p. 337 #1-4, p. 340 #1-8