Direct percutaneous ethanol instillation for treatment of venous malformation in the face and neck  Chih-Hsien Lee, Shyi-Gen Chen  British Journal of Plastic Surgery  Volume 58, Issue 8, Pages 1073-1078 (December 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2005.04.014 Copyright © 2005 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 (A) The clinical appearance of soft-tissue deformity situated around the patient's right cheek. (B) The clinical appearance of a soft protruding mass situated around the patient's left lower eyelid and left cheek. British Journal of Plastic Surgery 2005 58, 1073-1078DOI: (10.1016/j.bjps.2005.04.014) Copyright © 2005 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 (A) T2-weighted magnetic resonance image showing an area of high signal intensity, which represents the low-flow vascular malformation over the left maxillary region and the left infraorbital region (arrow). British Journal of Plastic Surgery 2005 58, 1073-1078DOI: (10.1016/j.bjps.2005.04.014) Copyright © 2005 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Operative field. Rubber bands were used to compress the patient's forehead and chin to occlude facial venous return. British Journal of Plastic Surgery 2005 58, 1073-1078DOI: (10.1016/j.bjps.2005.04.014) Copyright © 2005 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 (A) Near-complete obliteration of the venous malformation was achieved after two sets of injections were given. (B) Near-complete obliteration of the venous malformation was achieved after two sets of injections were given. British Journal of Plastic Surgery 2005 58, 1073-1078DOI: (10.1016/j.bjps.2005.04.014) Copyright © 2005 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons Terms and Conditions