Alexander the Great Macedonian Greece

Peloponnesian War Athens vs Sparta Sparta cannot control all of Greece, stage set for Macedonians Widespread unemployment, loss of faith in Democracy City states destroyed, declined in population Athens vs Sparta Peloponnesian War

Conquers all of Greece by 338 B.C. Macedonians Led by King Philip  Conquers all of Greece by 338 B.C. Murdered in 336 B.C.

Alexander the Great 20 years old king of Macedonian Greece Trained by Aristotle Motivated by fathers death, appreciation for Greek culture, Gods, and stories of Greek heroes

Greek Unification Greeks are not used to following under one ruler, how can Alexander unite them? Alexander will use a common enemy Persia

Conqueror Many territories along Mediterranean fall under Macedonian control Egypt, unhappy with Persian rule is also taken over Egyptians consider Alexander to be a God or Pharoah City of Alexandria established

Alexandria Beautiful port city built in northern Egypt Famous for lighthouse that could be seen from 35 miles out First Museum: The Library of Alexandria which contained a zoo, botanical garden, and scientific center as well as a million volumes of research

Following victories along the Mediterranean Alexander moves inland on Persia Alexander defeats Persepolis at Gaugamela and declares himself Persian emperor Conqueror

Conqueror In 327 Alexander crosses the Indus river and defeats Indian armies Indus river valley is now a part of Macedonian empire

Military Alexander is a great military strategist able to conquer diverse set of opposing armies The Phalanx method was used for effective fighting

Alexanders Empire

Conquered Alexander wants to continue towards China but decides to return towards Babylon to reunite empire As he returns home falls ill from a fever and dies in 323 B.C. What does this mean for his empire?

End of Alexander Three of Alexanders top generals are put in charge of territories Generals are Ptolemy, Antilogous, and Seleucid  Rule of each region is separate with similar shared goals

Antilogous leads Greece and Macedonia Seleucid leads Persian empire Ptolemy is named Pharoah of Egypt

Macedonian Culture Hellenistic Culture Mixture of Persian, Egyptian and Greek values Language Koine, is spoken throughout empire Government: empires with professional bureaucrats to make large body more manageable

Macedonian Achievements Art follows themes of naturalism: Highlights human emotion Comedies only in theatre less emphasis on tragedy and problems of outside world

Scientific Achievement Ptolemy believes that Earth is center of universe a theory that was around for 14 centuries Geocentric models What is the correct model?

Achievements Euclid writes Elements of Geography Circumference of Earth is measured within 1% of actual amount Eratosthenes recognizes circumference of Sun greater than Earth Achievements

Science and Medicine Macedonians dissect corpses to discover insides of bodies Many discoveries made about nervous system, brain, and liver

Hellenistic Philosophy Major focus on personal behavior Finding peace of mind Zeno- What happens to people is caused by natural law, Anyone could lead a noble life Diogenes- Key to happiness is giving up material possessions and living with nature