More than just a full bladder! Excretory System More than just a full bladder!

Functions of the Excretory System The excretory system removes toxins and wastes from the body Regulates the amount of fluid and salts in the body Maintains the pH of the blood

Parts of the Excretory System There are several organs that make up part of the Excretory System Lungs Remove water, heat, CO2 Skin Removes water, salt, heat Kidney Removes water, salts, nitrogenous waste products

The Kidneys Bean shaped organs that filter out wastes, water, and salts from the blood 3 Sections: Cortex Medulla Pelvis

Nephron Filtration Each kidney contains approximately one million filtering units called nephrons The renal artery transports nutrients and wastes to the kidney

Filtration

Reabsorption & Forming Urine As liquids flow through the nephron, glucose and minerals are reabsorbed back into the capillaries and returned to the body Urine, which is excess fluids and wastes, leaves the kidneys through ducts called the ureters Urine is stored in the urinary bladder and exits the body through the urethra

Disorders

Well Mr. Osborne, it may not be kidney stones after all

Respiratory System Part deux

Respiratory System Functions: Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere and the blood Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and the body’s cells

Organs/Parts LUNGS TRACHEA DIAPHRAGM BRONCHI BRONCHIOLES ALVEOLI

BREATHING: Controlled by the diaphragm THE MECHANICAL MOVEMENT OF AIR INTO AND OUT OF THE LUNGS Controlled by the diaphragm When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens This results in more space in the chest cavity = lungs fill with air When the diaphragm relaxes, it arches upward This pushes up on the lungs and causes air to rush out of the lungs

External External & Internal Respiration Respiration: 2 Types External & Internal Respiration External Gas exchange between the atmosphere and the blood Occurs in the lungs (Alveoli)

External Respiration Air enters the body through the mouth and nasal passages Air travels through the trachea, which then splits into 2 bronchi Each bronchi splits up further into bronchioles At the end of the bronchioles are tiny alveoli Think of an up-side-down tree Trachea = Trunk Alveoli = Leaves

Internal Respiration Internal Respiration Gas exchange between the blood and the body’s cells Occurs where the capillaries meet the body cells

Internal Respiration Capillaries lay right next to the body cells Capillary walls and cell membranes are so thin, that O2 and CO2 can simply pass through (diffusion) O2 moves from the blood stream into the CELLS CO2 moves from inside the cells into the BLOOD STREAM

EVERY LIVING CELL IS IN VERY CLOSE PROXIMITY TO A CAPILLARY CO2 A CELL

Common Respiratory Disorders ASTHMA: Irritation causes bronchioles to constrict BRONCHITIS: Respiratory pathways become infected  coughing & mucus EMPHYSEMA: alveoli break down  reduced surface area PNEUMONIA: infection causes alveoli to collect mucus TUBERCULOSIS: Bacterial infection that decreases elasticity of alveolar capillaries LUNG CANCER: Uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue