Reconstruction 1865-1876 AIM: Should the South have been treated as a defeated nation or as rebellious states?

I. Emancipation General Sherman offers “40 Acres and a mule” 13th Amendment

C. Freedman’s Bureau Eased transition for blacks from slaves to free persons Provided education, food, jobs, clothing shelter to Civil War refugees Lease or sell abandoned lands to former slaves

D. Southern White Reaction Black Codes: a. Subordinate blacks to whites b. Blacks couldn’t own guns, make insulting gestures, serve on juries c. Could only work in agriculture or domestic service

II. Lincoln’s Plan With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.

A. Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction - 1863 Pardon all southerners who swore loyalty oath 10% Plan – taken oath they can organize state government States must adopt new constitution abolishing slavery

B. Wade-Davis Bill Voided 10% plan, required ½ voters to take oath Guaranteed equality for Freedman Lincoln uses “pocket veto” to let bill die Lincoln assassinated April 14th, 1865

III. Johnson’s Plan Program of Reconciliation 1.Offered pardons to most rebels. 2.To rejoin Union , renounce secession and agree to 13th amendment 3.Return confiscated land to Confederates

IV. State Governments during Reconstruction Scalawags: white southerners active in southern gov’ts. Carpetbaggers: Republican northerners who came South to take part in Reconstruction

C. Southern Reaction

V. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Johnson angers Republicans 1. Veto’s Civil Rights Act 2. Veto’s Freedman’s Bureau 3. Supports Black Codes

B. Election of 1866 Congressional elections that Johnson campaigns for Democrats against Republicans “Swing Around the Circle Campaign” vs. “Wave the Bloody Shirt”

C. Tenure of Office Act Cannot remove any person from federal position without Senate approval Secretary of War Edwin Stanton set to take control of military occupation of the South. Johnson fires Stanton violating Tenure Act Johnson impeached

Charged with high crimes and misdemeanors

Acquitted by the Senate President Johnson loses all power Congressional Radical Reconstruction takes over

VI. Radical Republican Reconstruction Congressional Leaders 1. Thaddeus Stevens 2. Charles Sumner

B. Congressional Plan Divide south into 5 military districts controlled by U.S. army Required a majority of voters to take loyalty oath Banned former Confederate official from voting in state legislatures

Outlaw slavery Required southern states to grant African-Americans the right to vote

6. Civil Rights Act of 1866 Blacks have the same rights as whites Can give evidence in court, sue, inherit, purchase land Those guilty of violation would face fine and prison

C. Impact

Election to Congress of 16 black senators and Congress Hiram Revels and Blanche K. Bruce

14th Amendment: a. Freed slaves made citizens b. Guarantee's equal protection under the law. c. Due Process

15th amendment a. Gave freed blacks right to vote.

7. 14th Amendment Guaranteed citizenship to blacks b. Due Process Clause prohibits state and local governments from depriving persons of life, liberty, or property without certain steps being taken to ensure fairness. c. Equal Protection Clause requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people within its jurisdiction