Darrel P. Francis, Michael Mielewczik, David Zargaran, Graham D. Cole

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International Journal of Cardiology

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Autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy in heart disease: Discrepancies and contradictions Darrel P. Francis, Michael Mielewczik, David Zargaran, Graham D. Cole International Journal of Cardiology Volume 168, Issue 4, Pages 3381-3403 (October 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.152 Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Spot the difference: comparison of the BEST [9] randomised controlled trial and STAR [6] accepter–rejecter study. Extracts reproduced under the fair use principle to permit comparisons that readers might otherwise not be able to make easily. See Acknowledgements for details of the differences. International Journal of Cardiology 2013 168, 3381-3403DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.152) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 The synchronised kilo-shuffle. International Journal of Cardiology 2013 168, 3381-3403DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.152) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Impossible NYHA. In this example (BS-334) at 12months in the 199 survivors NYHA is 3.66 having risen by 0.46, which means that these 199 had a mean baseline NYHA of 3.20. If the 200 patients at baseline had NYHA 3.06, what was the NYHA, y, of the patient who died? The answer is given in the Acknowledgements section, but a clue is 3.06×200=3.2×199+y×1. International Journal of Cardiology 2013 168, 3381-3403DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.152) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Contradictory reports of heart function improvement in the IACT family. The two large 195-patient reports in 2008 contradicted each other entirely. Each agreed with (a different set of) previous small studies (either three from 2004 to 2005, or one from 2006). A third simultaneous report was medium-sized and agreed only on the pre-procedural EFs of one of the larger studies. The coloured highlighting shows which reports are compatible with which others. International Journal of Cardiology 2013 168, 3381-3403DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.152) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Tricks of the mind. When there is enthusiasm for benefit from a therapy, the mind can play tricks on an author transcribing the most crucial information. Full details in Appendix 7. International Journal of Cardiology 2013 168, 3381-3403DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.152) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Timeline of integration of contradictory data into the scientific literature. The top panel colour-codes key publications from what appear to be 4 families, each of which is approximately one study: ICARUS in green, IACT in red, BS in blue and Z1B in purple. The lower panels show the rate of citation of the key papers in the ensuing years. International Journal of Cardiology 2013 168, 3381-3403DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.152) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Speed of incorporation of discrepant information into the literature. Cumulative citations to ICARUS, IACT, Z1B, CAD and BS. International Journal of Cardiology 2013 168, 3381-3403DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.152) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions