Government & War

Move toward allowing the people more legal protection Government Changes Magna Carta Written in 1215 King signed to guarantee important rights to noblemen -Established elections of representatives Parliament: makes laws with a 2 house legislature House of Lords/Commons English Bill of Rights – document agreeing to respect the rights of English citizens & Parliament Move toward allowing the people more legal protection

Oversaw colonial trade Could dismiss colonial wishes Salutary Neglect The colonial leaders shared power England did not interfere with colonial affairs Parliament passed laws that were rarely enforced by governors Self-government grew in the colonies ROYAL GOVERNOR Appointed by King Oversaw colonial trade Final approval on laws Could dismiss colonial wishes Colonial Assembly Governor’s Council Appointed by governor Advisory board to governor Acted as high court in colonies Elected by eligible colonists Made laws Had authority to tax Paid governor’s salary

Mercantilism Colonies supply raw materials and serve as a market for exports -Favorable balance of trade for the mother country England passed Navigation Acts to force colonists to sell raw materials to England -All items bought by other countries had to be taxed -Trade had to occur on English ships Colonists began smuggling

France established trade alliances with Indians French Empire French had little more than 80,000 people in New World (compared to 1,000,000 British colonists) France established trade alliances with Indians Rivals of England in Europe & wherever their empires met France attacked English colonies due to the British invading the French controlled Ohio River Valley trading area

PIC Albany Plan of Union Ben Franklin’s idea Called to unite the colonies under a central gov’t Colonies REJECTED the plan to unite the colonies against the French Colonies did not want to give too much power to 1 government Colonies were jealous to share their power Especially to tax PIC

French & Indian War 1756 - Britain declared war on France William Pitt Over land claims in North America William Pitt British Secretary of State Vowed to pay for & win war at all costs

Britain defeated France in 9 years

Treaty of Paris (1763) Pre-War Land Claim Post-War Land Claim England France Haiti Spain North America from Atlantic Coast to Appalachian Mtns. Hudson Bay; Newfoundland N. A. from Atlantic to Mississippi; Canada, Florida Canada, St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes, Mississippi River, Ohio River Valley, Haiti N.A. west of the Miss. River, Mexico, Cuba Florida, Mexico, Cuba

Pre-War

Post War

After the War British gov’t tightened control over the colonies after the war Contrary to salutary neglect Proclamation of 1763 Due to Pontiac’s War & land-hungry settlers Stop all expansion west of the Appalachian Mts. Britain keeps troops in the area to protect their interests Military is in charge British used soldiers to enforce the law People could only trade @ designated points under military supervision