Figure 2 Sources of data to characterize the ADPKD clinical phenotype Figure 2 | Sources of data to characterize the ADPKD clinical phenotype. Beyond vital information obtained from analyses of a patient's medical and family history, molecular genetic and imaging techniques can be used to further characterize the current disease status and prognosis of a patient. Other modalities that can provide clinically relevant information include blood-pressure monitoring and analyses of bodily fluids for the presence of specific biomarkers. LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy. Lanktree, M. B. & Chapman, A. B. (2017) New treatment paradigms for ADPKD: moving towards precision medicine Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2017.127