Warm-up What is this a picture of? (Hint it’s not ‘A Village’) Who lives there? And what are their obligations while living there? Whose job do you feel is the most important or most essential to everyone’s survival? Explain your answer. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RmDER4qovS8

The Power of the Church during the Middle Ages Pope vs King World History Chapters 13 Sect. 4

How we got here Remember during this time Land=Power During the Middle Ages, the Church becomes VERY POWERFUL Why? Because it shapes the lives of people from all Social classes Rulers start to “question” Pope’s Authority

The Church Hierarchy The Papacy Pope Cardinals Bishops Upper clergy Priests, Monks, Nuns -- the lower clergy 4

Church Hierarchy In the church, power was based on status. Pope- In charge of all things spiritual in a Kingdom. Leader of the church. Clergy- were religious officials (bishops and priests) that were headed by the Pope Bishops supervise priests. They also settle disputes over teachings and practices of the Church

The Church taught that: All people were sinners and dependent on God’s grace. To get grace one had to take part in sacraments (important religious ceremonies) ex: baptism 6

Role of Church Since there were no STRONG empires or kingdoms, the Church was one thing that had RESPECT and POWER. Popes were more powerful than kings!

Power of the Church Church helped govern western Europe. 1. Own courts and laws Canon Law- laws governing a church 2. Disobedience to church laws had severe penalties. Excommunication- a person is denied salvation. Interdict- sacraments and religious services could not be performed in the king’s land. 8

Lay Investiture Practice of lay ( non-clergy; like a King or noble) official investing (bestowing) a Church title on someone. Lay Investiture- a ceremony in which kings, and nobles appointed church officials(a bishop) Whoever controlled Lay Investiture held the real power in naming bishops. 9

Problems Between Pope and Emperor 1075- Pope Gregory VII -bans lay investiture Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor) refuses to stop the practice Henry with help of Bishops he appointed orders Pope to step down Pope excommunicates Henry I Lay Investiture: a practice which allowed a lay person to bestow church offices on clergy Henry calls the Pope a “false monk” Pope excommunicates Henry Popular opinion is with the Pope 1077 Henry goes to Canossa, Italy to beg forgiveness of the Pope Henry stood by the gate in the cold and snow for 3 days Pope pardons Henry Investiture issue still unresolved 10

German princes and bishops side with pope therefore, Henry crosses Alps to arrive at Canossa, Italy to ask forgiveness which he knew would be granted. After three days the pope finally ended the excommunication but Henry returned home to punish the rebellious nobles. 11

Concordat of Worms In 1122, representatives of the Church and the emperor met in the German city of Worms. (Vorms) They reached a compromise called the Concordat of Worms- ONLY the church could appoint a bishop, but the emperor could veto the appointment.

Problems in the Church Many Village priests married and had families, such marriages were against church rulings. Bishops sold positions in the church, this was called Simony. Using the practice of lay investiture, kings appointed church bishops, church reformers believed the church alone should appoint bishops

Cathedrals Cathedrals were built in city areas, it was viewed as a representation of god Gothic style- use of the pointed arch and the vault, the use of fine woodwork and stonework, big, stained glass windows

Gothic Style Sagrada De Familia 1882-2025?

Vocab Connections sheet King Henry IV, Lay Investiture Gothic Architecture, cathedrals Simony, canon law

Those Dang Crusades Crusades = Holy Wars Fought against the Muslim Turks Numerous fought for over 300 yrs

Good morning! Sit down! Take out a piece of paper Yes, it is for notes 5 SLIDES…ONLY 5 SLIDES!!!!!

Crusades Crusades = Holy Wars Fought by Christians against the Muslims (Turks)

Goals of the Crusades For European Christians to gain control over Holy Land (Palestine) They also wanted control over key trade routes with Asia

Important People Pope Urban II—Pope that called for the 1st Crusade Richard the Lion Hearted—English King during 3rd Crusade Saladin—Muslim leader of 3rd Crusade

Spanish Crusade The Reconquista –Spanish effort to re-conquer Spain from the Muslims To Unify their country and increase their power, Isabella and Ferdinand made use of the Inquisition. This was a court held by the Church to suppress heresy.

Effects of the Crusades Positives Were an example of power of the church during the medieval period. It encouraged people to leave their homes and travel to far-away lands. Expanded trade between Europe and South West Asia. Negatives Decreased Pope’s power Weakened Feudal nobility, increased power of the king 1,000’s of ppl died Left bitterness and hatred between Christians and Muslims