Momentum and Impulse SPH4U.

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Presentation transcript:

Momentum and Impulse SPH4U

Linear Momentum Linear momentum is defined as the product of an object’s mass and its instantaneous velocity:

Linear Momentum Linear momentum is defined as the product of an object’s mass and its instantaneous velocity: It is a vector quantity and has units of

Impulse An unbalanced force acting on an object will cause an acceleration that will change its instantaneous velocity and therefore its momentum.

Impulse An unbalanced force acting on an object will cause an acceleration that will change its instantaneous velocity and therefore its momentum. This change in momentum is called the impulse.

Momentum and Impulse: Example A book of mass 1-kg falls on the floor and is stopped by the floor. Its speed just before impact was 5 m/s. What is the: momentum of the book before impact? momentum of the book after impact? change in momentum (impulse)?

Momentum and Impulse: Example A book of mass 1-kg falls on the floor and is stopped by the floor. Its speed just before impact was 5 m/s. What is the: momentum of the book before impact?

Momentum and Impulse: Example A book of mass 1-kg falls on the floor and is stopped by the floor. Its speed just before impact was 5 m/s. What is the: momentum of the book before impact?

Momentum and Impulse: Example A book of mass 1-kg falls on the floor and is stopped by the floor. Its speed just before impact was 5 m/s. What is the: (b) momentum of the book after impact?

Momentum and Impulse: Example A book of mass 1-kg falls on the floor and is stopped by the floor. Its speed just before impact was 5 m/s. What is the: (b) momentum of the book after impact?

Momentum and Impulse: Example A book of mass 1-kg falls on the floor and is stopped by the floor. Its speed just before impact was 5 m/s. What is the: (c) change in momentum (impulse)?

Momentum and Impulse: Example A book of mass 1-kg falls on the floor and is stopped by the floor. Its speed just before impact was 5 m/s. What is the: (c) change in momentum (impulse)?

Momentum and Impulse: Example A book of mass 1-kg falls on the floor and is stopped by the floor. Its speed just before impact was 5 m/s. What is the: (c) change in momentum (impulse)?

Momentum and Impulse: Example A book of mass 1-kg falls on the floor and is stopped by the floor. Its speed just before impact was 5 m/s. What is the: (c) change in momentum (impulse)?

Newton’s 2nd Law

Newton’s 2nd Law

Newton’s 2nd Law

Newton’s 2nd Law

Force-time Graphs Impulse is therefore the area under a force-time graph:

Force-time Graphs Impulse is therefore the area under a force-time graph: Same impulse

Force-time Graphs Force-time graphs are most useful when the force is not constant:

Average Force For such cases, we consider the average force, which is the force that if constant would give us an equal area over the same time interval.

Force-time Example A 0.27-kg volleyball with an initial velocity of 2.7 m/s [E], hits a net, stops, and drops to the ground. The average force exerted on the volleyball by the net is 33 N [W]. How long is the ball in contact with the net?

Force-time Example A 0.27-kg volleyball with an initial velocity of 2.7 m/s [E], hits a net, stops, and drops to the ground. The average force exerted on the volleyball by the net is 33 N [W]. How long is the ball in contact with the net?

Force-time Example A 0.27-kg volleyball with an initial velocity of 2.7 m/s [E], hits a net, stops, and drops to the ground. The average force exerted on the volleyball by the net is 33 N [W]. How long is the ball in contact with the net?

Force-time Example

Force-time Example

Force-time Example

Force-time Example

More Practice Textbook Questions p. 238 #4, 10 p. 269 #9, 10, 7