Ribosomes Virginia Gilliland.

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Ribosomes Virginia Gilliland

Relation of Structure To Function

Ribosomes: nonmembranous organelles that make proteins Made of: rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and protein Relation to Function: Structure allows protein synthesis to occur Contains a “large” subunit and a “small” subunit. These two units bind together with mRNA in between Allows for the ribosome to read the mRNA (three nucleotides at a time)

Major Process: Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis Transcription: occurs in Nucleus Transcribe DNA into message making mRNA mRNA leaves nucleus and travels through cytoplasm to ribosome... Translation: occurs in Ribosome Using the mRNA, tRNA has an amino acid (monomer for protein) that matches with coding of mRNA and creates a protein “Stop codons” tell the ribosome that the protein is finished.

visual of protein synthesis and the function of each structure involved

Interactions With Other Organelles

2 Types of Ribosomes “Free” = In Cytoplasm “Bound” = Attached to Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) or Nuclear Envelope

Attached to Outside of Nuclear Envelope and Endoplasmic Reticulum Bound Ribosomes Usually... Make Proteins that are will be inserted into membranes Make proteins that package with other organelles (ex. lysosome) Make proteins that can be exported from the cell (Secretion) Ex. pancreas : Cells of the pancreas excrete digestive enzymes and have high proportions of bound ribosomes

Molecules Used & End Products

mRNA molecules make up the strand of information that leaves the nucleus tRNA molecules carries amino acid to codon on mRNA rRNA: part of the structure of ribosomes End Products: Proteins formed from protein synthesis

Citations -Goodsell, D. S. (2000, October). Ribosomal Subunits. Retrieved September 18, 2017, from http://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/10 -University of Utah. (n.d.). Transcribe and Translate a Gene. Retrieved September 18, 2017, from http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/transcribe/ -Campbell, N. A., & Reece, J. B. (2005). AP Edition Biology(7th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson.