Seizures in the Developing Brain

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Seizures in the Developing Brain Gregory L. Holmes, Yehezkel Ben-Ari Neuron Volume 21, Issue 6, Pages 1231-1234 (December 1998) DOI: 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80642-X

Figure 1 Mossy Fiber Sprouting Following Neonatal Seizures (A) Control rat showing normal distribution of mossy fiber terminals using the Timm stain. Mossy fibers terminate in the stratum lucidum (sl). Note minimal staining in the pyramidal cell layer (pcl). (B) Adult rat exposed to 25 seizures during the first five days of life. Sprouting of Timm fibers is seen in the pyramidal cell layer. Abbreviations: sr, stratum radiatum; so, stratum oriens. Neuron 1998 21, 1231-1234DOI: (10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80642-X)

Figure 2 Effects of Seizures on Hippocampal Circuitry in the Mature and Immature Brain (A) Schematic drawing of normal hippocampus where mossy fibers (axons of the dentate granule cell layer [DGL]) innervate the apical dendrites of the CA3 pyramidal cells (gold) and interneurons (green) in the hilus. The termination of the mossy fibers occurs in the stratum lucidum. (B) In the adult rat, following a prolonged seizure, there is loss of cells in CA3 (dead cells are designated as gray), hilus (dead cells are light green), and DGL (dead cells are light red). The seizures also result in increased neurogenesis in the DGL (blue cells). With loss of target cells, mossy fibers grow into the supragranular region of the DGL and pyramidal cell layer and stratum oriens of CA3. (C) In the immature rat, recurrent seizures lead to increased neurogenesis of the DGL with subsequent growth of mossy fibers into the supragranular region and pyramidal cell layer and stratum oriens of CA3. This aberrant growth of mossy fibers occurs without any discernible cell loss. Neuron 1998 21, 1231-1234DOI: (10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80642-X)