Non-contact forces Forces between objects when they are not touching. These forces are also called field forces

Non-contact forces Field forces- meaning that they have a region of influence, or a field, surrounding them which allows them to exert a force at a distance (without touching).

Non-contact forces Examples of non-contact forces Gravitational Magnetic Electrical forces can act at a distance.

Gravitational forces: forces of attraction between objects due to their masses Gravitational fields exist around objects with mass.

Gravitational forces Can change the motion of an object by changing its speed, direction, or both. Exists between ANY two objects with mass. Always an attractive force pointing toward center of the object.  

Gravitational forces depend on: Mass of objects: As mass of the objects increases, the gravitational force increases. Distance between objects: As distance between the objects increases, the gravitational force decreases.  

If any two objects have gravitational force, why don’t we notice it more? Only noticeable if one of the objects has a very large mass. Examples: Earth - objects are pulled (fall) toward the center of the Earth Sun - Earth and other planets stay in orbit around the sun

Weight - measure of the gravitational force on an object in Newtons (N) We typically measure weight as the Earth’s gravitational force on an object.

Reminder: Mass - the amount of matter in an object; measured in grams or kilograms

Weight Weight and mass are NOT the same thing! Weight can change if gravitational force changes (i.e. if we are measuring the gravitational force from something other than Earth). Mass does NOT change.

So the difference between mass and weight? Acceleration due to gravity

Acceleration What is acceleration??? A increase or decrease in speed….speeding up or slowing down Defined as a change in speed in a given amount of time Acceleration = the change in speed / time

Calculating speed and acceleration If you ran 200 meters in 120 seconds. What is your speed? What is your velocity?

Calculating speed and acceleration What is the average velocity of a car if that car travels 150 km in 3 hours? What is the average acceleration of the car if the car increases its speed from 50 km/hr to 65 km/hr in .02 hours (this is a little over a minute)?

Calculating speed and acceleration If you go sledding down a 100 meter hill. How long would it take you to reach the bottom if you are traveling at an average speed of 7 m/s? What would your acceleration be if you start at rest and reach 10 m/s downhill in 15 seconds?