2.2 Thermal Energy Transfer

Thermal Energy Transfer It occurs when energy from an area of high temperature moves to an area of low temperature There are 3 types: Radiation Conduction Convection

Radiation Travels as waves (E.g. sun) energy is absorbed and increased their temperature

Conduction Occurs in solids By direct contact Particles near heat gain energy and transfer to particles with less energy

Convection Is the movement of particles in liquids or gases Heated particles are less dense and rise They cool and become more dense and sink Movement is always warm to cold

in the above diagram the cold air coming in from the lake is causing a breeze to blow into shore as sunset approaches the convection current reverses as the land begins to cool much faster than the water

Atmospheric Pressure Is pressure exerted by the mass of air above any point on Earth’s surface

Wind Is the result of air moving from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

Global Winds Are created by: Types: Convection currents Coriolis effect Types: Tradewinds Westerlies Easterlies

A. Convection Heated air is less dense and rises in the atmosphere Cool air rushes it to replace this air In the atmosphere the warm air cools, becomes more dense and sinks

B. Coriolis Effect It is caused by the rotation of the earth Cause air that moving away from the equator to be deflected (bends) Air masses: in the north bend right in the south bend left

Jet Streams Are a fast moving band of air in the Stratosphere (where less friction occurs) Are affected by temperature and convection currents (e.g. faster near the equator) Changes affect weather